Queer Bodies Sexualities, Genders, And Fatness - 1521 Words

Queer Bodies: Sexualities, Genders, Fatness in Physical Education is a research based novel by Heather Sykes. Sykes is an Associate Professor at the University of Toronto and specializes in educational studies and physical education (Sykes, 2011). Heather Sykes is published in a variety of academic journals for her research in critically analyzing issues of gender, sexuality and fatness in physical education as well as sports sociology. Her book, Queer Bodies: Sexualities, Genders, Fatness in Physical Education was published in 2011 by Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. based out of New York, New York. Despite being published by an American publication company, the bulk of Sykes’s research comes from Canadian citizens who identify as having queer bodies. Throughout the novel, Sykes uncovers various issues within physical education surrounding queer bodies such as harassment, humiliation, and being an outcast. She challenges the traditional values and curriculum used in physical edu cation courses, and provides insight to better serve queer bodies in physical education. The true purpose of Queer Bodies: Sexualities, Genders, Fatness in Physical Education is to shed light on how students who identify as queer bodied maneuver through physical education courses in school. Over the course of her book, Sykes examines each issue of gender, sexuality, and fatness separately and analyzes each population individually, providing insight to each specific queer bodied group. A ‘queer body’Show MoreRelatedQueer Bodies : Sexualities, Genders, And Being An Outcast1514 Words   |  7 Pagescritical analysis of gender, sexuality and fatness in physical education as well as sports sociology. Her book, Queer Bodies: Sexualities, Genders, Fatness in Physical Education is a heavily research-based book about key issues in physical education. It was published in 2011 by Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. based out of New York, New York and despite being published by an American company, the bulk of Sykes’s research comes from Canadian citizens who identify as having queer bodies. Throughout the textRead MoreQueer Bodies : Sexualities, Genders, And Being An Outcast1529 Words   |  7 Pagescritical analysis of gender, sexuality and fatness in physical education as well as sports sociology. Her book, Queer Bodies: Sexualities, Genders, Fatness in Physical Education is a heavily research-based book about key issues in physical education. It was published in 2011 by Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. based out of New York, New York and despite being published by an American company, the bulk of Sykes’s research comes from Canadian citizens who identify as having queer bodies. Throughout the textRead MoreThe Song, All About That Bass1800 Words   |  8 Pagesof all body types and promote â€Å"body positivity,† became an instant hit on Top 40 radio and music charts. While positive aspects of the song include calling out the media’s usage of Photoshop on women and attempting to reject the standards of a thin-centric societ y, the song and its music video have received criticism from feminists, specifically on their heteronormative and â€Å"skinny-shaming† elements. In this paper, I deconstruct the song and video by using intersectional feminist and queer approaches

The Horror Genre Of Horror Essay - 2741 Words

Introduction The horror genre is one of the oldest genres used in storytelling. It was used in old folklore stories and was commonly used during the ancient Greek plays. Horror genre became one of the first genres to be adopted into filmmaking in the 1920’s. Though the word horror to describe in the film genre would not be used until after Universal Pictures released Dracula and Frankenstein both in 1931. J. A. Cuddon (1984) defined horror in The Penguin Book of Horror Stories as â€Å"a piece of fiction in prose of variable length... which shocks or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing† (p. 11). Like most genres the favoritism towards one depends on what is happening in society. Today horror genre continues its popularity in films and television because the economy is not doing well. There are many different subgenres to horror but they all have themes that are repeated. This paper will focus on the science fiction hor ror subgenre. Science fiction is best defined by writer Robert A. Heinlein (1959) stated, â€Å"realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method† (n.p.). Science fiction horror films are fictional science-based depictions of phenomena with a horror twist added to it. Often these type of films revolves around subjects that include killerShow MoreRelatedThe Horror Genre Of Horror Films Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe horror genre has become a popular genre among the movie industry. It has become a popular genre since it has been evolving throughout the years it has been around, but one of its major climax points was when the subgenre of zombies came into the mix. The zombie genre became very popular in the year 1968 when it was first introduced in George Romero’s film Night of the Living Dead. Night of t he Living Dead is one of the most prominent zombie films till this date especially since it has introducedRead MoreHorror Movies : The Horror Movie Genre859 Words   |  4 Pagessomething. Horror movies specifically slasher movies do more than just entertain us in their way, they also warn us to be aware of what we’re doing or our surroundings. In most slasher films, there are certain scenarios that have been repeated and copied from the beginning of the genre. Because of the numerous imitations by other films in the past and the present the themes put forth in ground breaking slasher movies are continually reinventing the genre and have added significantly to horror movieRead MoreThe Genre Of Horror Films1563 Words   |  7 PagesFirst of all, genre is the method categorized a film based on similarities in the narrative elements. There are a wide range of different types of film genres: detective, action, adventure, gangster or crime, science fiction, drama, horror, ro mance, comedy, musical and so on. It is quite difficult to identify a particular film because a film might have a few of different genres. That is the reason why sub-genres exist. Sub-genres can help us to more clarity in identify the genre of a film. For exampleRead MoreThe Horror Genre Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesThe Horror Genre The Horror Genre has been very popular ever since Etienne Robertson, the pioneer of film horror, made the first film. The film Phantasmagoria was more of a theatre shadow play. It was made during the French revolution. Since then, thousands of Horror films have been made. Many developments have been used in newer films such as special effects and 3-D animation. A genre is formed when a type of film has certain elements that become essential toRead More The Horror Genre Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Horror Genre The horror genre is a topic that can be written or filmed about. In this essay, I will be concentrating on films, and how the horror genre is included in them. The main ingredients in a horror film are music, sound effects, lighting, camera trickery special effects and most importantly a clever, catchy, scary script. But to make horror what it is, a director will include many other things that create suspense and the eerie atmosphere of the sceneRead MoreThe Mutation Of The Horror Genre1916 Words   |  8 PagesMutation of the Horror Genre Horror can be defined as a genre meant to psychologically trigger individual fear with the presence of certain supernatural or abstract characteristics. The genre is dependent on people’s fascination with unrealism and the sensation that comes from experiencing fear personified into tangible elements on a screen. Horror films have thrilled audiences for decades, revealing stories of the more sinister parts of life. The popular allure that stems from the genre comes from theRead MoreHorror Genre Dissertation6741 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction PG. 4 Discussion - 4. History of the Horror Genre PG. 5 - 9 - 5. Slasher Films and the Gender roles PG. 9 - 13 - 6. Comedy Horror PG. 13 - 16 - 7. Postmodernism and the Horror Film PG. 16 - 18 - 8. Case Study: Scream Vs. Scary Movie PG. 18 - 22 9. Conclusion PG. 23 Bibliography PG. 25 - 27 1. Abstract Page I have researched on the Horror genre, looking at when it begun, the decline in popularity it hasRead MoreThe Horror Of The Gothic Genre940 Words   |  4 PagesThe Gothic genre often reproduces a conservative paranoid structure when it comes to homophobia and other moral panics over sex (Hanson, Pg. 176). Eve Sedgwick depicts this in her work, ‘Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosexual Desire’ as she discusses how these ideas (paranoia) are represented within the Gothic, in what she describes as the ‘homosocial’ in reference to male bonds (Sedgwick, Pg. 86). She also discusses how bonds between men exist as the backbone of social form and formsRead MoreHorror Genre Films586 Words   |  2 PagesHorror Genre Essay Horror Genre Films are unsettling films that are created to frighten and panic the audience. They are there to invoke our hidden worst fears yet entertaining the audience. They deal with our most undiscovered fears, our nightmares, and our vulnerability, our terror of the unknown, our fear of death or our loss of identity. Watching a horror film gives an opening into the scary world, into a passage for the essence of fear itself, but not really being in danger. Common story linesRead MoreThe Horror Film Genre522 Words   |  2 PagesHorror films have been around for over 100 years, petrifying people and bringing their worst fears to life but still they can’t get enough of this sick and gory genre that is unbelievably entertaining and captivating to the audience. Horror comes with many sub-genres from your bloody slashers like Friday the 13th to your Supernatural-Horrors like The Exorcist, but in the end they all seem to do their job by scaring you and leaving you with nightmares for weeks on end. Usually Horror’s films have

Cultural nursing free essay sample

Self awareness and knowledge of values affecting the practice of nurse in the health sector, is important. Culture has both positive and negative effects. It includes values, beliefs, skills and attitude during nursing practise. These may affect a person in both negative and positive ways. Self-awareness makes a nurse confident and helps her to relate to other people with differences. It helps his or her to take action in any situation because nurse can respect others beliefs and values by understanding their own values and attitudes because it is impossible to replace values (Jack Smith, 2007). Sometimes nurses start to judging patients and caring for them according their own values which may harm their spiritual and emotional status. In nursing practise a patient believes the nurse, so nurse should behave to the patient with proper knowledge about her own skills and other beliefs and values rather than be prejudiced and stereotype because it is not necessary that patient would have the same spiritual or cultural values and same community feeling which the nurse has (Tate, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In nursing homes and hospitals, different people come from different communities, religions or race with different beliefs so nurses should avoid racism or superiority to their own culture or race because it can harm patients feeling and can leave negative impact on their well being. It is good for a nurse to work acknowledging their own knowledge and their own values but sometimes he or she have to care for people with different values. So he or she should be a good cultural bearer to save themselves from conflict because patient care and safety is the priority in nursing practise (Jack Smith, 2007). Nurses own values shape his or her professional values. These professional values are necessary for nurse to be competent in practice and patient caring. Some values are very important in nursing care such as having a compassionate humanistic manner. These values increase the power of the practitioner to understand meaning of life. Nurses’ own values make them strong to face problems in practice. If a nurse has knowledge about their skills and experiences, then he or she can create awareness in people, to promote health and work fairly in their own field. These types of knowledge help a nurse in decision making. As nursing profession is a sensitive profession and nurses are closely engaged with patients during care so clients expect to be good nurse for care in a respectful manner. Nurses own values can make them more reflective, realistic, and honest in their  profession (Shih et al. , 2009). Finally, in the nursing profession the Treaty of Waitangi, cultural safety and issues relating to Maori health have being implicated for nursing practice. The Treaty of Waitangi and its principles support Maori health as this is a priority area where nurses can improve wellbeing and the life style of Maori by engaging them in decision making about their own health. Besides this, cultural safety plays a vital role in client caring because it influences the work of a nurse in coping with diversity. Moreover, in nursing practise a nurse can improve the physical and mental health of the client by understanding own beliefs, values, skills and attitude towards patients which empowers herself and her patients. It also promotes the people for beliefs on nurse in health sector that is very relate to them during care. Bi-culturalism acknowledge the part played by both nurse and client, in striving to achieve better health outcomes for all.

Kafkas Metamorphsis free essay sample

Metamorphosis Kafka writes in part two â€Å"Did he really want the warm room, so cozily appointed with heirlooms, transformed into a lair, where he might, of course, be able to creep, unimpeded, in any direction, though forgetting his human past swiftly and totally? † This is the point of the story when Gregor starts to come to terms with his new life as an insect. He has not completely and totally let go of human emotions, but he has started to accept his new body and embrace his new abilities. Gregor starts to feel torn between the choosing the insect life and the human life, as he still has a desire to help provide for his family, and into part three his desire turns to shame when he realizes that he financially and mentally burdening his family. His mother, wanting to accommodate her son, removes the furniture in room so he can move more freely in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Kafkas Metamorphsis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Gregor still has a need to have human belongings in his room. The picture of the woman in the furs, for example, has significance for Gregor because it reminded him of his former life. His sister Grete, is the only one who seems to get close to him, even though there is at least in the first two parts of the story, sympathy for Gregor from his mother and sister. Gregor’s father was unkind man who seemed primarily concerned with finances, even from the first day of Gregor’s metamorphosis, and even attacks Gregor later on in the story with fruit, injuring him. Although it is not possible for a human being to turn into an insect and the concept is absurd, Kafka must be using the metamorphosis of an insect as a symbol itself. Perhaps it is representing an illness that a person has no control over or an addiction. This arguably is an illness as well) There is no indication that Gregor did anything to deserve to be changed to into an insect, and his mother refers to him as her â€Å"unfortunate son†. In part three, the sympathy that had been there for Gregor begins to wane, as the family grows tired. Gregor, who hardly eats, knows that he is a burden . All the while, us as the readers know that Gregor still has human thoughts and feelings, since the story was written in third person. The family members are unaware of this and start to see him simply as a bug. The elderly cleaning lady refers to him as â€Å"the old dung beetle† and assumes care of Gregor. After borders discovered Gregor and were horrified by him, it was a turning point for the family. He must go,† cried Gregor’s sister, â€Å"that’s the only solution, Father. You must just try to get rid of the idea that this is Gregor. The fact that we’ve believed it for so long is the root of all our trouble. † This is also a point when Kafka makes a climatic change in the story, Gregor is no longer seen as family member and there is animosity between him and his family. His identity had been completely lost to the insect. Still, in the final act of altruism, Gregor chose to no longer be a liability to his family and starved himself. After his death, there is a new metamorphosis in Grete, changing from girl into a grown woman. This time, it is a positive one. â€Å"Lapsing into silence and communicating almost unconsciously with their eyes, they reflected that it was high time they found a decent husband for her. And it was like a confirmation of their new dreams and good intentions that at the end of their ride the daughter was the first to get up, stretching her young body. †

Help Others Too Professor Ramos Blog

Help Others Too Allison Hepburn 12/10/2018 English 010 @3pm Help Others Too Award Winning movie â€Å"The Help† based in Jackson, Mississippi during the 1960’s is primarily about the relationships between black maids and their white employers. It starts with Skeeter, played by Emma Stone, A young white female who is a recent college graduate trying to pursue her dream as a writer. Skeeter is Surrounded by friends and family who have a sense of â€Å"white entitlement†.   She secretly befriends two black nannies† Aibileen† played by Viola Davies and â€Å"Minnie† played by Octavia Spencer learning abo ut their time working in white households and puts their stories in her book, giving them a voice. Many of the nanny’s stories included taking care of white family’s children while the white didn’t, having to go to the restroom outside in the rain, not eating at the same table and so much more hardships.   Throughout the movie you will see the struggles that many African Americans had to endure in their everyday lives in the 1960s.Some moments hard to watch, some are definitely sad, but also has spurts of humor that will make you laugh. This was the time when the Jim Crow Law was in effect.   Jim Crow was the name of the racial segregation system, which operated mostly in southern and border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s(Pilgrim2).It was a way of life(Pilgrim2). Under Jim Crow, African Americans were given the status of second-class citizens. In the movie â€Å"The Help† there are many scenes where the nannies in the white household are treated less than and gives you an actual idea of how life was for them when this was in effect. Jim Crow helped to make anti-black racism appear right Pro segregation politicians gave persuasive speeches on the great danger of integration: the destruction of the purity of the white race (Pilgrim2). The Jim Crow system was based on the following beliefs: whites were superior to blacks in all important ways, including but not limited to intelligence, morality, and civilized behavior; relationships between blacks and whites would produce a mongrel race which would des troy America; treating blacks as equals would encourage interracial relationships between men and women; any activity which suggested social equality encouraged interracial sexual relations; if necessary, violence must be used to keep blacks at the bottom racial level (Pilgrim2) . The following Jim Crow etiquette norms show how inclusive and pervasive these norms were: A black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a white male because it implied being socially equal. Obviously, a black male could not offer his hand or any other part of his body to a white woman, because he risked being accused of rape. Blacks and whites were not supposed to eat together. If they did eat together, whites were to be served first, and some sort of partition was to be placed between them. Under no circumstance was a black male to offer to light the cigarette of a white female that gesture implied intimacy. Blacks were not allowed to show public affection toward one another in public, especially kissing, because it offended whites. Jim Crow etiquette required that blacks were introduced to whites, never whites to blacks. For example: Mr. Peters (the white person), this is Charlie (the black person), that I spoke to you about. Whites did not use courtesy titles of respect when referring to blacks, for example, Mr., Mrs., Miss., Sir, or Maam. Instead, blacks were called by their first names. Blacks had to use courtesy titles when referring to whites, and were not allowed to call them by their first names. If a black person rode in a car driven by a white person, the black person sat in the back seat or the back of a truck. motorists had the right-of-way at all intersections. (Pilgrim2). Many of these disturbing laws you will see during this movie. As you could imagine these nannies were very hesitant about telling their stories about these white families and what they have seen and went through while working there, worrying they might get into trouble or something might happen to them. One of the best parts about this film is you have Skeeter (a white woman) who is genuinely trying to help these women and doesn’t seem to look at them as any different or any less then herself, nor does she care about what her other friends who don’t approve think. The friendship and trust that they build Is amazing to watch and really captures your heart. This Film had many amazing top Actresses such as; Emma Stone, playing the character Skeeter, Won 1 Oscar. Another 58 wins 120 nominations, playing a humble character who wants to give these women a voice (IMDB); Viola Davis an Oscar winner 84 wins and 111 nominations, including this movies, a brave black woman telling her hardships for the first time to a white person (IMDB); Octavia Spencer Won 1 Oscar. Another 32 wins 65 nominations playing a spit fire Nannie taking life into her own hands (IMDB). These Actresses really brought this movie to life and gave amazing performances that just might bring a tear to your eye. This movie gives you the perfect view of the different situations that are at the same time educational to people who want to know exactly how it was like be an African American in the southern states during the 1960’s.And a friendship and relationship that was surprising to many at the time. This Movie has countless awards and is a must watch, I give â€Å" The Help† a 10 out of 10. Annotated Bibliography Imdb, https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1297015/awards?ref_=nm_ql_2 IMDb.com, Inc. 1990-2018 This is a constantly updated site about actors achievements, awards and movies I will us this source in my review to give credit to the actresses in the movie â€Å"The Help†. Pilgrim, David. What Was Jim Crow?. Ferris State University 16 (2000): 2007. I will use this source in my paper to describe the Jim Crow Law and how life was for African Americans in the south This is a credible source coming from Ferris State University. â€Å"The Help† Directed by Tate, Taylor, performances by Emma Stone, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer Dream Works Studio, 2011. I am writing about â€Å"The Help† in my essay because it is about African American maids and their hardships in Jackson, Mississippi in the 1960’s This is a DreamWorks movie produced in 2011.

Magwitchs Signifigance in Great Expectations Essays

Magwitchs Signifigance in Great Expectations Essays Magwitchs Signifigance in Great Expectations Paper Magwitchs Signifigance in Great Expectations Paper Essay Topic: Great Expectations Magwitch thought that Pip was a pathetic child who could not be trusted, but when he returned with the food and files he would have trusted him and start to like him when Pip says he is glad he has enjoyed the food. When Magwitch reappears in Chapter 39 revealing that it was he that sent Pip the money, making him rich. He did so because he was grateful for Pips kindness and thinks that money will give him status and therefore power, The Reader may consider whether the money was ever actually a good thing. As an adult the money have made him smug because he isnt used to living life as a rich person. It makes him think hes a better person. He uses it to try and gain Estellas respect. He turns his back on his family. Eventually he becomes unhappy, which is ironic because Magwitch only had good intentions. Pips resent towards Magwitch when he first comes back and that he was the money sender may be because of this. But when Magwitch appears in court it becomes more and more obvious that Pip wants to treat him with respect. This is brave of him because as rich person with high social status you are not expected to be friends with a working class convoy. Although Dickens may not have intentionally done so every time, there are frequently similarities between Magwitch and other characters, which not only give us different ways to interpret the story but also can also simply help readers understand the characters better. Early on in the novel we begin to compare Magwitch to Pip. Pip is obviously terrified of Magwitch but the way Pip is threatened by him so fiercely almost makes it seem as if he is fearful himself. Both Pip and Magwitch experience the feeling of desperation but they deal with it in different ways. Pip knows that his life depends on bringing Magwitch the food and the file but he appears rushed and slightly impatient, because he takes the wrong turn. Magwitch is patient; he appears to have been waiting all night for the food. When he has the food, however he shows great desperation in the way he rushes through it. Magwitch later shows himself to be loyal because he returns and sends him money. Pip has almost forgotten about him and seems ungrateful on the other hand. At this point in a way they are both rich, yet Magwitch has earned the money himself, when Pip does nothing to become the way he is now. We are able to make comparisons with Magwitch and other characters now because we are further on in the book. Like him, Joe is loyal towards Pip, despite being treated badly. They both remain working class throughout the story and are both very hard workers. Like Magwitch, Miss Haversham has a person taken form her. This impacts their lives greatly. They try to almost substitute this person by teaching them things in life and giving money. And unfortunately for the two of them, it does not make these people happy. From the start of the book they both have an association of death and hanging. The deaths of these characters occur within the story. There are certain themes in the book that reappear and are connected to one another. Betrayal is an important theme, it occurs when Pip is ungrateful at Magwitchs return, and when Estellas marries a man who does not actually love her. Another theme is secrecy, like Magwitch and Mollys affair resulting in Estella. As many other stories, love is an important theme in the book whether it is between family members; like Joes love for Pip and Magwitchs love for Pip and Miss Havershams love for Estella or love between partners; like Molly and Magwitchs affair and Pips love of Estella. Dickens tries to convey his views about crime and punishment in Great Expectations having endured unlawful punishment in his earlier life. In the novel it can be interpreted as both a good and bad thing. On the one hand it seems cruel and unlawful because the law does not always take account of the individual needs of a case. Readers would have seen this in Chapter fifty-four when Magwitch is arrested. We know that he has transformed from genuinely being a troublemaker to becoming a better person. We may already feel sorry for him because of Pips reaction when he comes back but for society to consider him guilty when what he really deserves is a thank-you makes it all the worse. Dickens tries to show that crime can be committed lawfully in a number of situations like for life and death (Pip stealing the food and file) for loved ones (Magwitchs return) and for reputation (Pips debt after trying to impress Estella with the clothes. On the other hand the law is shown to have its good points too. After all, it is used to keep everybody in order and ensure people live in a safe environment. One example is when Pip gets into trouble for his debt. It puts him back in his place and so he can realise that he should stop being greedy with his money- Pip gets into debt trying to impress Estella with the clothes. Readers could think it was a sign for him to realise that he should stop chasing after her. Getting into trouble for committing a crime can teach you a lesson, and the ability to change and become a better person in society may even be better than always achieving things at the same rate throughout your life. Magwitch was the person at the start who was breaking the laws and so on yet by the end of the book he has shown himself to be possibly one of the loveable characters in the novel. Another important theme in the novel is the idea of social status. There was great variation in wealth and status in the time at which Great Expectations was written yet even within people with of the same range of wealth there were noticeable differences. Neither Pip nor Magwitch are rich yet at least Pip has a house and is told by Magwitch that he had fat cheeks. We learn also that working class in those days were hard workers and always had determination whether it meant to have a decent way of living or simply by means of survival. The book shows that you can earn money but not necessarily be rich and interestingly you do not have to earn any money to become rich and have a high status. In the end, this may not be good for either person. We realise this when Magwitch earned many riches but gave it all to Pip, who had not worked at all. Readers may feel that it was Magwitch who deserved the money. Language is an important element to the novel. In the first chapter we get the impression that Pip is talking about himself as a child, because he refers to himself as being childish and small and it sounds as if the scene was remembered in an exaggerated way. This already gives readers the impression that he is altogether unsure about himself. Magwitch comes on to the scene using dialogue-in a short and abrupt sentence shocking Pip and the reader. In the paragraph that Pip is describing Magwitch, the sentences become longer and longer giving the impression that he is increasing in fear as he becomes more aware of him. Despite all this, there is an element of humour. The fact that Pip is in a graveyard and he is being threatened to be killed is ironic and the image of a little boy being rocked backwards on a gravestone with every sentence is sort of symbolic, certainly humorous. When Pip hurries to bring back the food later on, he almost believes that the animals like the cow know that he is stealing. This use of exaggeration is not because Pip is trying to show off about the story, but because he is very fearful. This makes the readers feel sorry for him. Pip finds Magwitch still hugging himself and limping. Use of repletion gives the effect that Magwitch is desperate and patient. Imagery is used when Magwitch eats. Pip compares the way Magwitch devours his food to a dog, illustrating that he is bad mannered and hungry but also, in a way thankful that he has the food. Pip is quite observant of Magwitch to be like this, so he may already be starting to like him. There is often the use of pathetic fallacy associated with Magwitch. When we are first introduced to him it is rainy and just before he appears later in the book Pip describes the bad weather; how it is wet, muddy and cold. Pip has no idea who the mystery person is but the reader may be able to identify him as being Magwitch because of his familiar dialogue and abrupt, simple sentences. It is ironic how Magwitchs good intentions only made Pip more miserable than he should have been, even though it was he who may have saved Magwitchs life at the start. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

How do we explain the stance of the Fatimid Empire towards the Essay

How do we explain the stance of the Fatimid Empire towards the Crusades - Essay Example 22). The early church used crusades to gain political and economic power; they influenced their adherents and led them to fight for the interest of a select few who formed the leadership of the church. Faith dictates the mental state of an individual a tool that the early church used to influence their adherents into war against the Islamic faith. With the aid of the western countries of the time, which included knights from several countries in the region and other ordinary citizens such as peasants, the Roman Catholic therefore invaded Seljuq Turks from Anatolia and captured the holy city of Jerusalem overthrowing the unsuspecting Muslims. The raid also freed the Eastern Christians from the oppressing control of the Muslims at the time. The success of the attack led to the formation of other subsequent crusades in attack of Muslims and other smaller religions of the time. The Christians established crusader estates in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the co untry of Tripoli in North Africa. The aim of the crusader states was to quell any subsequent Muslim invasion in the regions thereby creating solid Christian territories. Religion survives on evangelism which results in the spread of the religion to different regions across the world. With the effective coordination of the military arm of the church, Christianity would spread and enjoy a peaceful existence. However, the development of the crusade and its subsequent attacks on the regions that the Christians considered volatile angered other religions key among which was Islam. The attack on regions around Jerusalem resulted in the merciless massacre of thousands of Muslims and Jews among other non-Christian groups in the region. The victory of the first crusade led to the creation of the crusade estates in strategic key locations among which was the North African state of Tripoli. The region was under a strong influence of Islam following the creation of the Fatimid dynasty (LEV, 199 0 p. 42). The Fatimid Empire, first established in Tunisia, was a movement and later become both a political and religious movement that governed the entire North African region and later spread to other parts of the Middle East where it gained extensive control and influence on the people. The Dynasty had more than a political motivation. Began by a cousin and a sister to the Holy prophet Mohamed, the dynasty sought to earn authority for the religion and therefore consolidate its authority in the region and spread it to other parts of the world. Located in the North East of Africa, Tunisia was not a strategic location to headquarter an empire that had a dream of controlling the entire Arab world. It therefore led to an inversion of the expansive regions in Northern Africa pushing its headquarters to Egypt, a kingdom that bordered Tripoli. Lying close to each other, the republic of Tripoli with a crusade state and the Egypt now serving as headquarter to the greatest Islamic outfit, the two regions became hindrances to the freedom of each other. While the Christians had a vision of spreading their gospel to every country in the world including the Islamic states, the Muslims led by the Fatimid Empire had a similar vision of spreadi

Applied molecular biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applied molecular biology - Essay Example One of the subclasses was germinal-center B-cell-like DLBCL which showed an expression pattern the same as the mature germinal-center B-cells and portended a more favorable prognosis with a 60% five-year survival rate. Besides that, two other DLBCL subclasses, these are, type-3 DLBCL and activated B-cell-like DLBCL, presented much less favorable prognoses with a 35% five-year survival rate. From all these and the researches, it may be possible to determine the patients that might benefit from more aggressive therapies such as chemotherapy regimens or bone marrow transplants when DLBCL is diagnosed. HD DNA microarray studies have highlighted molecular pathways that are important in cancer subclasses. Example, researchers have observed that several genes in the activated B-cell subclass of DLBCL were downstream targets of the NFkB transcription factor. They proved that NFkB activity is higher in this DLBCL subtype thereby suggesting that drugs targeting the NFkB may be effective in the treatment of these tumors. (Cain, 2011) Gene expression profiling of tumor specimens may be useful in the pre-selection of patients who may benefit from drug treatment. It can also be used in examining gene expression profiles of cancers following chemotherapy so as to determine whether the tumors are responding to treatment. In this method, detailed patient-specific molecular information would be used to predict an effective therapy. (Schwab,

Abigail Williams and How She Contributed to American History Essay Example for Free

Abigail Williams and How She Contributed to American History Essay Abigail Williams was a suspicious 11 or 12 year old girl who was the leading cause of the Salem Witch Trial hysteria. There is not much background information on her, but as far as history goes, Abigail was born 1680 and lived with her Uncle Samuel Parris’ family, who was the head Reverend of Salem, Massachusetts at the time. â€Å"Although it was ordinary practice for young girls to live with relatives to learn about housewifery, we know very little about Abigail, including where she was born and who her parents were. † (Yost, 2002) In an indirect way, Abigail has contributed to American history being that she was the main cause of the Salem Witch Trial accusations. The 6th amendment of the American Constitution was highly influenced by the Salem Witch Trials. See more: Experiment on polytropic process Essay With the 6th amendment, the accused are entitled to have a witness, an attorney for their defense, and will be heard before a jury in court. The Salem Witch Trials affected the way America viewed reliable evidence used in court cases because they stopped using spectral evidence. During the Witchcraft trials, the only evidence available was hear-say information from the girls who were â€Å"afflicted.† More than 45 innocent people were killed, because the court believed Abigail and the girls without looking into further detail about the spoken witches. Nowadays, the accused are able to have a witness with them as well as some one who will look into their case and use accurate evidence to prove their innocence until proven guilty.

Gangs - Gang Members Need Love :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Gangs - Gang Members Need Love Although gang members insist that gangs are the only way to ensure success today, others maintain that the only way to survive is to eliminate them. Many gangs threaten the safety of everyone in their 'hood (territory or neighborhood). Innocent people living in gang war-torn towns live in constant fear of death. However, for children who have no one to look up to and no future to look forward to, gangs can become their surrogate family. Gangs are not only a set of friends or a nights activity. Gangs are a way of life. There is no way to eliminate them, but changing the violent nature of many gangs is possible. Admittedly, gangs cause many serious problems, but they could end up helping more people than they hurt. A gang can be defined as a group of people who unite to serve a common purpose and engage in violent or otherwise criminal behavior. (http://www.ci.torrance.ca.us) The types of crimes committed by gang members differ between gangs, but the crimes generally associated with gangs include vandalism, robbery, drug-trafficking, assault, arson, and murder. There are many reasons why teenagers may join gangs. The root causes of violent gang formation are poverty, stressed families, unemployment, under-employment, under-education, racism, and the breakdown of sociocultural institutions. (http://www.instanet.com) Many people join gangs for protection from violent people in other gangs. (http://www.public.iastate.edu) Other people join gangs for the sense of family that comes along with it. The youth gang satisfies a void - the child's desire to feel secure. It provides the child with a sense of identity, belonging, power, and protection. The gang provides a protective barrier against the outs ide world. (http://www.highways.com) Gang life is dangerous and often deadly for the people directly involved and for their friends and family. However, not all those maimed or murdered are gang members or those connected with them. Innocent people are often caught in the crossfire and injured or killed. In some areas, as many as half of the victims of all gang murders are innocent bystanders. Their only mistake is being in the wrong place at the wrong time. (Osman 53) As Detective T. Wessel told the LA Times in October of 1991, "It's like bullets are flying everywhere. And where they land, heaven only knows." (Osman 55) Each gang has its own turf and graffiti marks its boundaries. Anyone not belonging in the area and who resembles a rival gang member may become the subject of an attack.

Key Economic Factors of Microsoft Corporation Essay

As a dominator in both the PC operating system and office suite markets, Microsoft Corporation expose themselves to the cloud-based computing model presents execution and competitive risks. They are transitioning to a computing environment characterized by cloud-based services used with smart client devices. Their competitors are rapidly developing and deploying cloud-based services for consumers and business customers. The pricing and delivery models are evolving, and cause economic growth to move slower. They may not be able to adequately protect their intellectual property rights. Protecting their global intellectual property rights and combating unlicensed copying and use of software and other intellectual property is difficult. While piracy adversely affects U.S. revenue, the impact on revenue from outside the U.S. is more significant, particularly in countries where laws are less protective of intellectual property rights. As a result, their revenue in these markets likely will grow slower than the underlying PC market. Similarly, the absence of harmonized patent laws makes it more difficult to ensure consistent respect for patent rights. Throughout the world, they actively educate consumers about the benefits of licensing genuine products and obtaining indemnification benefits for intellectual property risks, and they educate lawmakers about the advantages of a business climate where intellectual property rights are protected. However, continued educational and enforcement efforts may fail to enhance revenue. Reductions in the legal protection for software intellectual property rights could adversely affect revenue. In conclusion, the economic growth is the main key factor for Microsoft Corporation and this reason likely to continue due to the globally affect issue on the intellectual property rights and unlicensed copying and use of software worldwide. The company in its life cycle Microsoft Corporation is at the stages of maturity, as they are in the market of computing for a few decades. This stage will remain as they are a dominator in the PC operating system and office suite markets. They are devoting significant resources to develop and deploy their own competing cloud-based software plus services strategies. While they have their own expertise, investments in infrastructure, and the breadth of their  cloud-based services provides them with a strong foundation to compete and to remain as a strong player in the market. The five or six most important factors for success in this business In order to success, there is a few factors in Microsoft Corporation including as follow: continuing to innovate and bring to market compelling cloud-based experiences that generate increasing traffic and market share; maintaining the utility, compatibility, and performance of our cloud-based services on the growing array of computing devices, including smartphones, handheld computers, netbooks, tablets, and television set top devices; and continuing to enhance the attractiveness of our cloud platforms to third-party developers. continuing to make significant investments in research, development, and marketing for new products, services, and technologies, including the Windows PC operating system, the Microsoft Office system, Bing, Windows Phone, Windows Server, Zune, Windows Live, the Windows Azure Services platform and other cloud-based services offerings, and Xbox 360. To create competing vertically-integrated model, in which a single firm controls both the software and hardware elements of a product, has been successful with certain consumer products such as personal computers, mobile phones, and digital music players. We also offer vertically-integrated hardware and software products This company stand with respect to these factors? Microsoft Corporation will stand with respect to these factors with the help of talented employee. As their business depends on the ability to attract and retain talented employees. Their business is based on successfully attracting and retaining talented employees. The market for highly skilled workers and leaders in the industry is extremely competitive. They are limited in their ability to recruit internationally by restrictive domestic immigration laws. If they are less successful in their recruiting efforts, or if they are unable to retain key employees, their ability to develop and  deliver successful products and services may be adversely affected. Effective succession planning is also important to their long-term success. Failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder their strategic planning and execution. Four key business risks related to client’s business and industry. They may not be able to adequately protect their intellectual property rights. Protecting their global intellectual property rights and combating unlicensed copying and use of software and other intellectual property is difficult. While piracy adversely affects U.S. revenue, the impact on revenue from outside the U.S. is more significant, particularly in countries where laws are less protective of intellectual property rights Third parties may claim we infringe their intellectual property rights. Due to the claiming, Microsoft has to stop selling or redesign affected products, or pay damages to satisfy indemnification commitments with their customers. They may not be able to protect their source code from copying if there is an unauthorized disclosure of source code. Source code, the detailed program commands for their operating systems and other software programs.

“Pygmalion” by George Bernard Shaw and its film version “My fair lady” Essay

Pygmalion written by Bernard Shaw, was first performed on stage with Rex Harrison as Henry Higgins. The reception of the audience during the play was of utmost disappointment due to the non romantic ending of the play, even though that was Shaws initial intentions. My fair Lady on the other hand is a musical based on Pygmalion, and the movie was shot in 1964 by director George Cukor. Although there are numerous similarities between musical and play such as the character interactions or how both of them portray social status, especially in the conclusion, the musical displays several contradictions in comparison to the movie. Bernard Shaw wrote the play during an important moment in history, which was when women were starting to gain independence in the beginning of the 20th century. It is produced in 1914 which is when WW1 broke out and war time made it easier for women to find work, and soon after women got their independent vote in 1920. Thus Pygmalion has a strong sense of feminism and independence as one of the leading themes to guide the characters on, especially Eliza. Eliza throughout the play is striving to prove how women should be independent and not rely on men in order to lead a life. Both movie and play shows us that when Higgins turns Eliza into a duchess, he didnt give her just class and status but he took her independence away because she is not fit to sell anything else. What happens now is that if Eliza doesnt marry she has no one to provide for her and Freddy is useless because he has no talent for making money. Thus Higgins indirectly limited Elizas opportunities making her dependent on men. And during the movie when she goes back to Higgins she loses power in her character. Even though it was of her own free will and not on necessity, she still loses the power she had before. Pygmalion comes from a Greek Myth, Ovids narrative where a man called Pygmalion makes a sculpture of a woman called Galatea. Ovids original idea is that Galatea would be a worshipping monument to Pygmalion with a woman who refuses to be bound to a man who says that he has created her. Shaw in a way is flouting with Ovids original purpose due to all the inferences even  in Pygmalion that Higgins maybe has feelings for Eliza, supporting Shaws proposal of a woman within a low rank to dominate and gain the love of a middle class man. However, whether Eliza loves him or not is a different matter. On the other hand, Shaw has an ironic ending of Eliza marrying Freddy. So her independence goes straight into the gutter when she goes from being the subject of one man to another, because that is the only thing an upper class woman is supposed to do in her life, just like when Mr. Doolittle said I was free. He wants to return to the undeserving poverty instead of living as a rich man where everyone wants something from him, including his wife now wants to marry him. What happens is that as a working class woman, Eliza had her own independence and was used to assert her own rights I wont stay here if I dont like and I wont let nobody wallop me!. Now, women in her position cannot sell flowers and she must sell [her]self into marriage, giving up her rights and being dominate by men. As a second theme, Higgins is shown as a dangerous teacher to Eliza due to his mind broadening influence. Similar to the movie Dead poets Society, just like the teacher Mr. Keating, Higgins exerts a subversive influence on Eliza, with an encouragement to such an extent that he fills her heads with dreams that life cant give. His destructive influence although with best intentions at heart, if Higgins had done nothing, Eliza would not have moved classes. But now that he has given her attributes changing her social class, he creates expectations, illusions and taste to a dream which she cannot fulfill. The consequence is that his actions creates these ripples which can disrupt society, because he is going against societys flow, just like Socrates, who was popular among young men, he gave ideas going against cities principles. For any person, not just a fictional character within a play, when someone doesnt have what they want, this creates frustration because there is no structure to support their dreams, and Higgins just like Mr Keating doesnt realize the consequence of his actions. So now Higgins created a situation where Eliza cant do anything else and is now only fit to  sell myself. This theme is also connected to another theme in the play such as social class and language, because Higgins gives Eliza her language, but as shown in the first meeting that Eliza has with Mrs. Higgins, she has a flawless English however lacks a decent background, manners and taste. Thus social class is a combination of all of these and Pickering is the one who gives her the rest of her social class in addition to the language given by Higgins. So language also has an important role as shown in Higgins song why cant the English? where he says that Eliza is condemned by every syllable that she utters. In the year 300 b.c. Aristotle made it clear that a tragedy usually ends in death and a comedy ends in marriage. Throughout the play, Bernard Shaw leads the characters in believing that Eliza will end up marrying Higgins or someone with very great richness, when in fact, Shaw does not follow Aristotles rule and he breaks the whole build up of expectations that the audience had while watching the play. In contrast the film ends with Eliza entering Higgins room and his ending line is where the hell are my slippers so the film allows us to believe they dont get married, it only hints it, and that if they do, he will be a dominant person in their relationship. However when Shaw wrote the play, and the movie changes his initial reasons of writing the ending the way he did, Shaw wanted to show that people who dont marry, such as Higgins, arent disintegrated from their parents because they put their parents in high pedestals, which is also known as Oedipus tragedy. Both endings in Pygmalion and My Fair Lady, seem to have an ending which is adapted to the main theme of the story, i.e. the film director and Shaw wanted to make different statements in their work. This leads to the assumption that the ending from Pygmalion is an ending that makes sense when seen that Shaws initial intention of having a play about feminism and independence, and at the same time the ending of My Fair Lady also makes sense because it is a Hollywood movie, like a Cinderella story with a romantic twist, shot in order to attract an audience. Thus although the  movie and play are the same story the focus placed on each one is on different themes which is what causes the alteration of the ending. This means that if My Fair Lady had a different ending, the addition of the songs such as rain in Spain and grown accustomed in the movie, which add a sense of romance, would be completely destroyed if both lovers werent able to conquer all of the issues between both of them. In addition, the film director also placed an emphasis on different characters and evens than Shaw. Whilst Shaws play is on social concern, criticizing the way social classes judge others based on their accent, the films message is of an individuals life that if one tries hard enough a development may be achieved. Or during the film when they say that she needs the services of a dentist so that she can get used to live and speak like a lady, meaning that all that the film was concerned about was Elizas development and her climbing of steps on the social ladder. Not to mention that for the movies ending, an idealized Eliza is portrayed in order to appeal to the public: with a noble posture when dealing under pressure. Whilst in comparison to the play she does not show her sincere feelings as Shaw first wrote it. However, even though when Eliza leaves Higgins in Pygmalions ending, although it follows through with the feminist theme, it is completely understandable why the audience for this play end the play with a feeling of dissatisfaction because after reading a whole play with a character such as Higgins who is hilarious at every speech, and at some point in the play makes you feel compassion for him, it is extremely infuriating when the main character goes off without him after a man who is in the play mainly for tempting Eliza and has no other part in play. All Freddie feels for Eliza is a platonic love and he writes her three pages every day, when Higgins actually shows true feelings for Eliza in his own disguised way. In My fair Lady, when Eliza returns from the ball, she is crying and really afraid of what might happen to her in the future where am I to go, what am I to do which Higgins without any kind of respect throws her options like working in a florists shop or marrying someone. However none of these  options satisfy Eliza. Then on the next day, it seems like it dawns on Higgins because he says where will you go, in Heaven`s name?, giving a sense that he realized that he would miss Eliza as shown in the song grown accustomed. Even though she says quite firmly she would teach phonetics, it is obvious for the audience that teaching phonetics is not what she really wanted. So what the movie shows more clearly is that Eliza does indeed have options and that Higgins is afraid he will be without her. So what makes the ending of this movie such an attraction to the audience is that Eliza comes back to Higgins as a choice of her own and not as a need. Which is in fact exactly what Higgins likes: a person who makes their decisions based on rational thinking and not on weakness. In conclusion the film has added and taken away certain characteristics of the play, but this does not mean that one is better than the other, it only means that the author and the director had different propositions in mind as to what they wanted to show their audience. One could say that the main obvious difference between the play and the movie are the songs. The songs entertain the public and thus they are more appealed because it follows a movies characteristics of those days, in addition it emphasizes Shaws initial ideas of what the characters felt leading to the main themes of the play. For example when Eliza is in the market and she wished for comfort, warmth and chocolate. However the disadvantage is that the main theme of the play which is a criticism to high classes is lost, thus songs lose the main themes and makes the story appear more Hollywood like instead of being based on a book. NOTES TAKEN FROM THE BOOK â€Å"PYGMALION† BY BERNARD SHAW AND FROM THE MOVIE â€Å"MY FAIR LADY†

The Life Above and Beyond essays

The Life Above and Beyond essays Dont Knock the Rap: A Response to Venise Berrrys Redeeming the Rap Music Experience Rap music has been getting a bad rap from parents, legislators, and other authority figures ever since it first hit the American pop music scene in the early 1980s. Adults tend to see rap as having a harmful effect on its listeners, promoting violence, free sex, a bad image of women, and racist attitudes towards Jews, Koreans, and whites in general. In Redeeming the Rap Music Experience, Venise Berry argues that this rap is not deserved. In her view, rap music is morally pluralistic. By this she means that rap music portrays a wide range of attitudes. Some of those attitudes are very positive. Others are negative. But the negative attitudes let us see the problems and struggles of the community that produces rap music: the young, mostly black, urban community. Berry begins by explaining that rap music is similar to other kinds of African American music in that it captures the feelings and struggles of the community that produces it. Sprituals, blues, and jazz captured the feelings and struggles of the slaves, the early 20th century blacks, and the late 20th century blacks as they moved from bondage to segregation to wanting to state their identities as African Americans. The community that rap music comes out of is struggling with feelings of low self-esteem and powerlessness. These kids have to struggle with poverty, racism, lack of opportunity, and with mainstream America seeing them as deviants (p. 615). So they express their anger and helplessness in angry, sometimes violent songs. ...

Dnde enviar la solicitud para la greencard por matrimonio

Dnde enviar la solicitud para la greencard por matrimonio   Los ciudadanos americanos y los residentes permanentes pueden solicitar la tarjeta de residencia   por matrimonio para sus esposos enviando la aplicacià ³n  al USCIS. Estas son las reglas. La solicitud al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s)  se hace mediante la planilla I-130. Debe acompaà ±arse de otros documentos y del pago de la cuota correspondiente. A la hora de enviar los papeles pueden darse las siguientes posibilidades: El solicitante est en Estados Unidos y su marido o mujer estn en otro pas Es el caso en el que un ciudadano americano o residente permanente legal est en Estados Unidos y su cà ³nyuge se encuentra en otro paà ­s. El lugar al que hay que enviar la documentacià ³n depende del estado o territorio en el que vive el solicitante. Asà ­: Si reside en: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,Dakota del Norte, Dakota del Sur,  Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oklahoma, Oregà ³n, Texas, Utah, Washington o Wyoming o en los territorios de Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam o las Islas Marianas,  la documentacià ³n que se envà ­a por correo ordinario del servicio de Correos pà ºblico ha de dirigirse a: USCISATTN: I-130PO Box 21700Phoenix, AZ 85036 Pero si se envà ­a por Express Mail o utilizando un servicio privado de mensajerà ­a tipo UPS o Fedex, entonces el sobre con la documentacià ³n ha de enviarse a: USCISAttn: I-1301820 E. Skyharbor Circle SSuite 100Phoenix, AZ 85034 Si el solicitante reside en: Alabama, Arkansas, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Luisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minesota, Misisipi, Misuri, Nuevo Hampshire, Nueva Jersey, Nueva York, Ohio, Pensilvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Virginia Occidental, Wisconsin y Washington D.C., entonces los envà ­os realizados por correo ordinario del Servicio de Correos Pà ºblico (US Postal Service o USPS) han de dirigirse a: USCISP.O. Box 804625Chicago, IL 60680-4107 Sin embargo, si se prefiere utilizar un Express Mail o un servicio de mensajerà ­a privado, la direccià ³n a la que se envà ­a es: USCISAttn: I-130131 South Dearborn-3rd  FloorChicago, IL 60603-551 En los casos en que ambos cnyuges estn en este momento residiendo en el extranjero Puede suceder que el solicitante està © viviendo temporalmente en otro paà ­s pero desea regresar a Estados Unidos. Por esta razà ³n solicita la tarjeta de residencia para su cà ³nyuge. Son pocos los casos en los que se da esta circunstancia pero sà ­ que son posibles. La direccià ³n a la que enviar la documentacià ³n es la seà ±alada en el supuesto anterior cuando se envà ­a a las oficinas (lockbox) de Chicago,  IL. Recordar enviar a una u otra direccià ³n en Chicago dependiendo del servicio de envà ­o que se utilice. Adems, si el solicitante vive en un paà ­s donde el USCIS tiene una oficina internacional, puede enviarse la documentacià ³n allà ­. Es lo que se conoce como una presentacià ³n de solicitud directamente en una oficina consular (DCF, por sus siglas en inglà ©s por Direct Consular Filing).  Estas son las posibilidades con sus direcciones para envà ­o de correo y servicio de mensajerà ­a en paà ­ses en los que se habla espaà ±ol: CubaEl SalvadorGuatemalaMà ©xico DFMà ©xico, Ciudad JurezMà ©xico, MonterreyPerà ºRepà ºblica Dominicana El USCIS mantiene un pgina con las direcciones de correo de cada una de esas oficinas. Cuando el solicitante y el cnyugeresiden en Estados Unidos Si  adems de la solicitud de la tarjeta de residencia para su cà ³nyuge aplica por un ajuste de estatus para à ©ste mediante la planilla I-485. En estos casos, si se emplea correo ordinario del Servicio de Correos la direccià ³n de envà ­o es: USCISP.O. Box 805887Chicago, IL 60680-4120 Si se prefiere utilizar Express Mail o un servicio de mensajerà ­a privado (courier service) entonces enviar la documentacià ³n a: USCISFBAS131 South Dearborn-3rd  FloorChicago, IL 60603-5517 Es muy importante estar seguros de que se puede ajustar el estatus. Ya que si no se puede, la consecuencia es que el cà ³nyuge extranjero debe salir de Estados Unidos y completar el proceso para la green card mediante un procedimiento consultar. Y en el momento de salir de los Estados Unidos comienza a aplicar el castigo o penalidad de los 3 y 10 aà ±os si se ha estado en el paà ­s como ilegal. No pueden ajustar su estatus dentro de Estados Unidos los cà ³nyuges de residentes permanentes que estn en situacià ³n de ilegalidad. En el caso de esposos de ciudadanos el caso es distinto. Sà ³lo est prohibido que ajusten estatus los que ingresaron al paà ­s cruzando ilegalmente la frontera. Por lo tanto, consultar con un abogado para ver cules son las opciones en el caso de estancia ilegal por parte del cà ³nyuge extranjero. A tener en cuenta Si la documentacià ³n se envà ­a al lugar equivocado se va a producir un retraso en la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud. Para asegurarse de tener siempre la direccià ³n correcta se puede verificar si ha habido cambios en la pgina web del uscis o llamando al  1-800-375-5283. Adems, las peticiones de una tarjeta de residencia para el cà ³nyuge pueden ser hechas en base tanto a matrimonios heterosexuales como homosexuales. Y es que las bodas entre gays y lesbianas producen los mismos beneficios migratorios que las que se celebran entre un hombre y una mujer. Finalmente, tener en cuenta que la green card puede ser negada por ms de 40 causas. Algunas son temporales y el problema desaparece con el paso del tiempo. En otras ocasiones es posible solicitar un perdà ³n y en algunos casos simplemente es imposible. Es decir, casarse con un ciudadano o un residente no siempre quiere decir que se obtiene la green card. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Cooperative Systems (Evolution of Management Class) Essay

Cooperative Systems (Evolution of Management Class) - Essay Example There should be communication links between management and employees. Each and every employee should be regarded as an individual and his individual requirements should be identified and fulfilled in order to motivate him to work jointly with his coworkers for the organizational goals. The organization is a cooperative structure where each employee’s requirements are satisfied. According to Bernard, the management of an organization has the responsibility to make sure that employees are prepared to recognize the organizational goals as their joint goals so that they can support the organization jointly. Employees’ individual motives should be associated with organizational goals. Therefore, employees’ satisfaction and organizational goals are linked to one another and cannot be accessed without each other’s assistance. The managements of the organizations, which are functional nowadays, have to keep the principle of employee satisfaction within their view as it is quite relevant for running successful organizations. The managers are required to keep comprehensible links with their employees so that they are well aware of each other’s requirements.

Conclusion and Recommendations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conclusion and Recommendations - Essay Example This essay analyzes that the curriculum must be revised in such a way that less importance is given for punishments and more care is given for personal counseling with those students who drop out from their studies. The U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, has to say that children from a rich financial background often tend to continue their studies, but the worst hit is the poor because they are bound up by their family responsibilities. This essay demonstrates that In a survey conducted to find out the reforms that have been brought out to enhance the drop out children in terms of readmission into schools and colleges, the following thing was seemed to be made 1. Incentive programs- which will strengthen the link between the student’s school life and life out of the campus. This also includes special offers to those students whose behavior stands well in and out the school. 2. The reward system will focus on encouraging students to pay more interest on studies. 3. The school should make academic programs meaning full and bring the students for more participation. And the schools should maintain certain policies to maintain a balance between the student’s life in and out the school. 4. Parents should be informed immediately and if needed they should be asked and informed about their children’s activities. Even a small indifferent action should be informed immediately to the parents. As society pl ays a major role in shaping the character of a child.

An era of globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An era of globalization - Essay Example Apart from the economic conditions which allowed for the state's generosity in regards to welfare provision, political rationales have also been forwarded as contributory to the rise of the welfare state. The widespread victory of Labour parties in Europe, particularly in Britain, for example, is said to have led to an increase in social policies targeted towards the social and economic security of the working class, the main beneficiaries of the welfare state and the backbone of these parties. (Korpi 2003) Esping-Andersen also articulates another view of the welfare state's "golden age" as a political move to instill social citizenship among the citizenry: "In moral terms, the welfare state promised a more universal, classless justice and solidarity of 'the people': it was presented as a ray of hope to those who were asked to sacrifice for the common good in the war effort. The welfare state was therefore also a political project of nation-building: the affirmation of liberal democracy against the twin perils of fascism and bolshevism. Many countries became self-proclaimed welfare states not so much to give a label to their social policies as to foster social integration." (1997) The presence of several contributory factors accountable for the welfare state's "golden age" precludes the existence also of more than one factor responsible for its decline. As has been stated earlier, the decline of the welfare state is said to be marked by the economic recession of the mid-70s. Beginning from then, the expansion of welfare state provisions which marked the golden age of the post-war decades has grounded to a halt, and in most countries has reversed into a retrenchment. This trend continues to persist, and the factors contributing to it have been a matter of much debate. Demographics, or population characteristics such as age, fertility rates, and the gender composition of the labor force within these welfare states is one of the key factors that has often been forwarded in regards to the welfare state's decline. Changes in the demography of these welfare states, particularly an increase in the number of welfare recipients brought about by an ageing population and decreased fertility rates, is said to exert demands on the welfare state which it cannot meet, resulting in a retrenchment of welfare policies. (Pierson 2001) As the main proponent of this view, Pierson further explains that this age shift in the population structure of these welfare states exerts tremendous pressure since it increases the demand on two key welfare sectors: health and pension, sectors which, in the EU alone, accounted for almost 2/3 of the total spending on social protection in 1991. (2001) Cochrane agrees that demographics do influence the policy-making of welfare states: In the golden age, the same demographic trends exerted similar pressure to the welfare states to increase welfare benefits and services. (Cochrane 2001) The differences in government response then and now, though, indicate the prevalence of other factors which determine what

Speech Variation In Restaurants Essay Example for Free

Speech Variation In Restaurants Essay There are three different dialects in Pennsylvania that will give away where you reside. Why is there so much contrast in speech among the residents of the city and country? The culture where I am from has molded my speech, attitude, and actions; it also has created who I am today. The â€Å"city life† is exceptionally different from the â€Å"country life,† I know this because of my expedition to the middle of nowhere, Lock Haven, PA. Somewhere on the four-hour car ride from Philadelphia to Lock Haven, the residents begin to talk a little stranger with a different dialect then the east coast. For the last five years, I have been employed at a corporate owned Mexican-grill restaurant, Chili’s. When I came to school at the beginning of the Fall 2011 semester, I took on a job at the local corporate restaurant, Ruby Tuesday. By working in restaurants, it forced me to communicate with thousands of people from all over the world. Not only did I encounter the behavioral differences of the â€Å"townies† in the Lock Haven area, but also I found it extremely difficult to converse and understand the costumers and employees at Ruby Tuesday. Going out to eat is something you do for relaxation and pleasure, but when a new employee is thrown into the stressful world of the restaurant industry, the â€Å"new fish† is quickly exposed to words that may seem like a foreign language. Although the syntax in the restaurant business is the same as the English language, the function words vary. There are countless restaurant terms that are used by every position in the establishment. These function words also change through out the country. Not only are you dealing with regional accents, you are dealing with different terminology that is dependent on the location of the business. In the city, it is usually assumed that slang would be more present in the restaurants. This is a true statement for the costumers going out to eat, this is a false statement for the employees that have to represent a corporation that is located in an area of high population, where most of the income is coming from. I have seen more employees get fired in the city for being unprofessional and using slang then I have seen in Lock Haven. At Ruby Tuesday, I have found myself baffled countless times by some of morphology my costumers use. It’s frequent that the costumers have to repeat themselves because of the language barrier. A speech community is a group of people who set norms and expectations regarding the use of language, and being from the city makes any Philadelphia aborigine an outcast. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_community]. There are different words for the same thing, synonyms, which vary around the state of Pennsylvania in restaurants. For example the seating area around the bar is called the â€Å"lounge† in Philadelphia. The seating area around the bar in Lock Haven is still known as the dinning room area. [http://blog.etundra.com/in-the-restaurant/glossary-restaurant-terms/]. Pennsylvania is divided into roughly three different dialects, The Atlantic midland, East midland, and Pittsburg. [http://aschmann.net/AmEng/]. After watching videos of citizens such as City Councilman Frank Rizzo, Jr. who resides in Philadelphia, Rick Gray, mayor of Lancaster, and U.S. representative Michael Doyle of Pittsburg, it’s is evident that Pennsylvania has distinct native accents. After watching all three videos of these men talking, the accent and dialect that I can most relate to would be Frank Rizzo Jr., the accent that affiliates the most with Lock Haven dialect is Michael Doyle. The way Frank Rizzo pronounces his vowels are very distinct. You can tell in the way he says â€Å"bad, had, and dad,† the IPA sound |à ¦| is pronounced as the IPA sound |I| is pronounced, this is a sign that he is a native of Philadelphia tongue. By having different accents in the restaurant industry, it could get confusing because of the constant screaming and communication in the BOH (Back of the House, or kitchen). [http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/phoneticsymbolsforenglish.htm] Just in Pennsylvania, there are at least three contrasting dialects. There are multifarious clues that can give away where a costumer or fellow employee is from. If one pays attention to the sound of the use of their vowel pronunciations, behavior, actions and use of slang, it is effortless. It is a phenomenon how just a few hours can exaggeratedly change the way someone talks. Next time you go out to eat, try to figure out where your server is from using these clues!

Parapsychology :: science

Parapsychology Derived from the term 'paranormal', parapsychology is the science that lies beside or beyond psychology; the field of psychology which studies those unique experiences and unknown capabilities of the human mind that suggest consciousness is capable of interacting with the physical world in ways not yet recognized by science, but not beyond science's ability to investigate. Two types of parapsychological phenomena have been described. The first and less common is pyschokinesis (PK) which is the direct influence of the human mind on the environment. In rare cases, this may involve obvious movement of objects, however most contemporary research studies PK influences on atomic or electronic processes. More commonly known is the second type of parapsychological phenomena, called extrasensory perception (ESP), which is the ability to acquire information without using the known senses. In cases when another person is involved, then it may be considered telepathy, or mind-to-mind communication. This is often common in twins, as many instance have been reported in which one twin can sense the other's thoughts or pain. When it is knowledge of just a distant place or event, then the term clairvoyance is often used. It is mainly this type of ESP which leads people to feel strongly about the existence of past lives, due to experience of deja-vous. In practice, it is often difficult to distinguish among types of ESP, thus investigators generally refer to all instances as ESP. When the information seems to be of some future event, it is called precognition. This category of ESP is also what makes fortune tellers so popular, as they claim to be able to see your future. Real life experiences that appear to involve ESP are commonly termed psychic experiences. Taken together, all of these phenomena are often called psi phenomena. Scientific interest in the subject is of relatively recent origin, beginning in 1927 when the Duke University Parapsychology Laboratory was set up under Dr. J. B. Rhine, an important figure in the advancement of parapsychology, particularly ESP. Dr. J. B. Rhine and his wife, Dr. Louisa E. Rhine, came to Duke University in 1927 to pursue studies of psychic phenomena with Professor William McDougall, chairman of the new Psychology Department. Within a few years, Dr. Rhine was conducting the groundbreaking research that demonstrated certain people had the ability to acquire information without the use of the known senses. He introduced the term extrasensory perception describe this ability and adopted the word parapsychology to distinguish his experimental approach from earlier methods of psychical research.

Central business district investigation Essay

Introduction: The inner city is the zone between the central business district (CBD) and the suburban housing areas. In British cities the inner city grew during the industrial revolution. Factories were built on the edge of the historic towns, now the CBD. Many people view inner city areas as rather dull and depressing as they tend to be overcrowded and polluted. Unfortunately even though the problems of inner city areas are apparent the local councils and business and invested a greater proportion of money in CBD rather then inner cities, which has lead to an escalating problems. The Diagram illustrates the burgess conurbation model, which highlights the various areas of a conurbation settlement: The burgess model of urban land consists of five concentric circles arranged around a CBD inner core. All conurbation models initiates with the central business district (CBD), which forms the heart of a settlement. Large businesses exist here since they are the only ones able to afford the high land values and rents. The inner city is the 2nd zone in the burgess model. This zone represents old industry established at the birth of the city. The third zone is known as the â€Å"Low-class residential† which is located in the inner city close to the old industries. This was because the poor who worked in these industries had to be local. The medium class residential represents the penultimate zone. This is more expensive housing catering for the moderately wealthy populace. The final zone is the high class residential located in the rural urban fringe. This is the most affluent area and caters for the wealthiest element in the population. According to this model, cities grow outwards from the original site; therefore properties are younger on the outskirts of the city. – The Burgess Urban Land Use Model In 1925, E. W. Burgess presented an urban land use model, which divided cities in a set of concentric circles expanding from the downtown to the suburbs. This representation was built from Burgess’s observations of a number of American cities, notably Chicago. The main characteristic of the inner city was for the industries to build factories to maximise production. The land was cheap and there was room for expansion for the industries. Houses were constructed local to the factories so that workers would not need.

Difference between personnel management and HRM Essay

Difference between Human Resource Management and Personnel Management Human resource management involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people, or human resources, who work for the organization. In other words, Human resource management is concerned with ‘people centric issues’ in management. The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. Usually small businesses (for-profit or nonprofit) have to carry out these activities themselves because they can’t yet afford part- or full-time help. However, they should always ensure that employees have — and are aware of — personnel policies which conform to current regulations. These policies are often in the form of employee manuals, which all employees have. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HRM AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT ALTHOUGH both human resource management (HRM) and personnel management focus on people management, if we examine critically, there are many differences between them. Some are listed below: i) Nature of relations: The nature of relations can be seen through two different perspective views which are Pluralist and Unitarist. There is a clear distinct difference between both because in personnel management, the focus is more on individualistic where individual interest is more than group interest. The relationship between management and employees are merely on contractual basis where one hires and the others perform. Whereas, HRM focuses more on Unitarist where the word â€Å"uni† refers to one and together. Here, HRM through a shared vision between management and staff create a corporate vision and mission which are linked to business goals and the fulfillment of mutual interest where the organization’s needs are satisfied  by employees and employees’ needs are well-taken care by the organization. Motorola and Seagate are good examples of organizations that belief in this Unitarist approach which also focuses in team management and sees employees as partners in an organization. Relation of power and management: The distribution of power in personnel management is centralized where the top management has full authority in decision-making where even the personnel managers are not even allowed to give ideas or take part in any decision which involves â€Å"employees†. HRM, on the other hand, sees the decentralization of power where the power between top management is shared with middle and lower management groups. This is known as â€Å"empowerment† because employees play an important role together with line and HR managers to make collective and mutual decisions, which can benefit both the management and employees themselves. In fact, HRM focuses more on TQM approach as part of a team management with the involvement and participation of management and employees with shared power and authority. The nature of management is focused more on bottom-up approach with employees giving feedback to the top management and then the top management gives support to employees to achieve mutually agreed goals and objectives. ii) Leadership and management role: Personnel management emphasizes much on leadership style which is very transactional. This style of leadership merely sees the leader as a task-oriented person. This leader focuses more on procedures that must be followed, punishment form non-performance and non-compliance of rules and regulations and put figures and task accomplishments ahead of human factors such as personal bonding, interpersonal relationship, trust, understanding, tolerance and care. HRM creates leaders who are transformational. This leadership style encourages business objectives to be shared by both employees and management. Here, leaders only focus more on people-oriented and importance on rules, procedures and regulations are eliminated and replaced with: Shared vision; Corporate culture and missions; Trust and flexibility; and HRM needs that integrates business needs. iii) Contract of employment: In personnel management, employees contract of employment is clearly written and employees must observe strictly the agreed employment contract. The contract is so rigid that there is no room for changes and modifications. There is no compromise in written contracts that stipulates rules, regulations, job and obligations. HRM, on the other hand, does not focus on one-time life-long contract where working hours and other terms and conditions of employment are seen as less rigid. Here, it goes beyond the normal contract that takes place between organizations and employees. The new â€Å"flexible approach† encourages employees to choose various ways to keep contributing their skills and knowledge to the organization. HRM, with its new approach, has created flexi-working hours, work from home policies and not forgetting the creation on â€Å"open contract† system that is currently practiced by some multinational companies such as Motorola, Siemens and GEC. HRM today gives employees the opportunity and freedom to select any type of working system that can suit them and at the same time benefit the organization as well. Drucker (1996) calls this approach a â€Å"win-win† approach. iv) Pay policies and job design: Pay policies in personnel management is merely based on skills and knowledge required for the perspective jobs only. The value is based on the ability to perform the task and duties as per the employment contract requirement only. It does not encourage value-added incentives to be paid out. This is also because the job design is very functional, where the functions are more departmentalized in which each job falls into one functional department. This is merely known as division on labour based on job needs and skill possessions and requirement. HRM, on the contrary, encourages organizations to look beyond pay for functional duties. Here, the pay is designed to encourage continuous job performance and improvement which is linked to value-added incentives such as gain sharing schemes, group profit sharing and individual incentive plans. The job design is no more functional based but teamwork and cyclical based. HRM creates a new approach towards job design such as job rotation which is inter and intra-departmental based and job enlargement which encourages one potential and capable individual to take on more tasks to add value to his/her job and  in return enjoy added incentives and benefits. Human resource management is the new version of personnel management. There is no any watertight difference between human resource management and personnel management. However, there are some differences in the following matters. 1. Personnel management is a traditional approach of managing people in the organization. Human resource management is a modern approach of managing people and their strengths in the organization. 2. Personnel management focuses on personnel administration, employee welfare and labor relation. Human resource management focuses on acquisition, development, motivation and maintenance of human resources in the organization. 3. Personnel management assumes people as a input for achieving desired output. Human resource management assumes people as an important and valuable resource for achieving desired output. 4. Under personnel management, personnel function is undertaken for employee’s satisfaction. Under human resource management, administrative function is undertaken for goal achievement. 5. Under personnel management, job design is done on the basis of division of labor. Under human resource management, job design function is done on the basis of group work/team work. 6. Under personnel management, employees are provided with less training and development opportunities. Under human resource management, employees are provided with more training and development opportunities. 7. In personnel management, decisions are made by the top management as per the rules and regulation of the organization. In human resource management, decisions are made collectively after considering employee’s participation,  authority, decentralization, competitive environment etc. 8. Personnel management focuses on increased production and satisfied employees. Human resource management focuses on effectiveness, culture, productivity and employee’s participation. 9. Personnel management is concerned with personnel manager. Human resource management is concerned with all level of managers from top to bottom. 10. Personnel management is a routine function. Human resource management is a strategic function. Human resource management past and present Human resource management has changed a lot in the past 100 years. Previously, HRM was called personnel administration or personnel management, that is, it had to do with the staff or workers of an organisation. It was mainly concerned with the administrative tasks that have to do with organising or managing an organisation, such as record keeping and dealing with employee wages, salaries and benefits. The personnel officer (the person in charge of personnel management) also dealt with labour relations.such as problems with trade unions or difficulties between employers (those who employ workers) and their employees. Before we look at the role of HRM in organisations today, we will examine the way people were managed in organisations in the past. Definition Personnel Management – Personnel Management is thus basically an administrative record-keeping function, at the operational level. Personnel Management attempts to maintain fair terms and conditions of employment, while at the same time, efficiently managing personnel activities for individual departments etc. It is assumed that the outcomes from providing justice and achieving efficiency in the management of personnel activities will result ultimately in achieving organizational success. Facts [+] The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is the world’s largest HR department. OPM provides HR services for the federal governments workforce of nearly 2.8 million workers. It’s staff carry out the tasks to recruit, interview, and promote employees; oversee merit pay, benefits and retirement programs; and ensure that all employees and applicants are treated fairly and according to the law. To set the COLA [cost-of-living allowances] rates, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) surveys the prices of over 300 items, including goods and services, housing, transportation, and miscellaneous expenses. OPM conducts these surveys in each of the COLA areas and in the Washington, DC, area. Human resource management is concerned with the development and implementation of people strategies, which are integrated with corporate strategies, and ensures that the culture, values and structure of the organization, and the quality, motivation and commitment of its members contribute fully to the achievement of its goals. HRM is concerned with carrying out the SAME functional activities traditionally performed by the personnel function, such as HR planning, job analysis, recruitment and selection, employee relations, performance management, employee appraisals, compensation management, training and development etc. But, the HRM approach performs these functions in a qualitatively DISTINCT way, when compared with Personnel Management. Main Differences between Personnel Management and HRM HRM has a long history of growing from a simple welfare and maintenance function to that of a board level activity of the companies. In recent years, the focus on people management from human capital/intellectual capital perspective is also shaping firmly. However, the hard fact is that this growth can be generally witnessed in management literature and rarely in practice. Peripheral observation of people management in organization can mislead the observers since, hardly there could be any organization that is  yet to rename its old fashioned title of industrial relations/personnel/welfare/administration department into HRM department. But, in practice, these organizations continue to handle the people management activities the way they had been handling earlier. The reasons for this could be many and varied. Among them, the potential reason is lack of clear understanding about the differences between personnel/IR and HRM. Professor John Storey brilliantly portrayed these differences in 27 areas of people management in 1992 in his book titled Developments in the Management of Human Resources. These differences are illustrated in Table Dimensions Personnel and IR HRM Beliefs and assumptions 1. Contract Careful delineation of written contracts Aim to go beyond contract 2. Rules Importance of devising clear rules/mutually ‘Can-do’ outlook; Impatience with ‘rule’ 3. Guide to management action Procedures Business-need’ 4. Behaviour referent Norms/custom and practice Values/mission 5. Managerial task vis-a-vis labour Monitoring Nurturing 6. Nature of relations Pluralist Unitarist 7. Conflict Institutionalized De-emphasized Strategic aspects 8. Key relations Labour management Customer 9. Initiatives Piecemeal Integrated 10. Corporate plan Marginal Central 11. Speed of decision Slow Fast Line management 12. Management role Transactional Transformational leadership 13. Key managers Personnel/ IR specialists General/business/line managers 14. Communication Indirect Direct 15. Standardization High (e.g. ‘parity’ an issue) Low (e.g. ‘parity’ not seen as relevant) 16. Prized management skills Negotiation Facilitation Key levers 17. Selection Separate, marginal task Integrated, key task 18. Pay Job evaluation (fixed grades) Performance-related 19. Conditions Separately negotiated Harmonization 20. Labour-management Collective bargaining contracts Towards individual contracts 21. Thrust of relations with stewards Regularized through facilities and training Marginalized (with exception of some bargaining for change models) 22. Job categories and grades Many Few 23. Communication Restricted flow Increased flow 24. Job design Division of labour Teamwork 25. Conflict handling Reach temporary truces Manage climate and culture 26. Training and development Controlled access to courses Learning companies 27. Foci of attention for interventions Personnel procedures Wide ranging cultural, structural and personnel strategies

Pivotal Talent Pools and Role Challenges Essay Essay Example

Pivotal Talent Pools and Role Challenges Essay Essay Example Pivotal Talent Pools and Role Challenges Essay Paper Pivotal Talent Pools and Role Challenges Essay Paper Pivotal Talent Pools and Role Challenges Davis Young provides a wide array of litigation support products and services. Its core business is tied to the insurance defense industry. The primary customer base includes regional and national insurance companies. The key strategic elements that the Firm uses for differentiation are superior customer service, high product quality, and a solid reputation (brand). I can only assume you have revamped your Deliverable 1 to support this part. I am a bit concerned that you have yet to get a handle on strategy ececution. They are owned by 13 practicing Senior Attorneys, all responsible for maintaining a full trial docket. Various subsets of this group provide strategic leadership, handle or lead large accounts, and act as management for the Firm. A large percentage of the daily work load falls to the eight Associate Attorneys. These Junior Attorneys cost less than the Senior Attorneys and are relied upon to provide a wide range of deliverables such as legal research, brief writing, and daily interaction with the clients (customers) with minimal supervision. Other administrative duties are handled by the support teams. This talent pool consists primarily of Legal Assistants, Paralegals, Office Administration and Accounting. From a value chain perspective, Let’s break this down to the components of the value chain primary and support activities. It is likely that with the size of the firm that each position will serve multiple roles. The Value Chain helps us to find the pivotal Talent pools. the Owners, Associate Attorneys, Office Manager, Paralegals, and Legal Assistants would primarily be classified as Operations. They are running the operation and creating the â€Å"product† on a daily basis. However, in small organizations such as this, parts of the team will multitask into other value chain components. For instance, the Owners will manage sales and marketing by continuous client maintenance, as well as searching out new clients and landing new accounts. The Office Administrator and Office Manager do an excellent job of handling the HR function. Technology is a support function that is wholly outsourced. Three talent pools are readily identified as critical to the strategy (service, quality, reputation); the Owners, the Associate Attorneys, and Support Staff. The question to be answered in identifying which of these three is most pivotal is as follows: â€Å"for a given investment in either training of or recruiting in the talent pool could be any component of the HCA but you are getting ahead of yourself. , which would yield the largest improvements in the strategic elements? † Figure 1 illustrates the findings. Figure [ 1 ] The Owners are all senior, experienced Attorneys. They have demonstrated the ability to be effective at building relationships with the clients, delivering quality product, and protecting the brand. As such, the performance versus strategic value curve is fairly flat (once you get to the acceptable threshold). The Associate Attorneys vary in experience. There are junior Attorneys here that can show significant improvement through hands-on training programs (internal), continuing legal education (outside training programs), and active mentoring. Also, consider that these Associate Attorneys are responsible for a significant percentage of the work and client interactions. This is where the product quality and service elements are visibly manifested. Consequently, an investment in this pool has a significant payback. This can be illustrated by the higher slope on the yield curve. The support function includes a wide range of specific positions but most of them have a much higher level of supervision, less interaction with the customer, and their final work is screened by one of the attorney groups. As such their yield curve is dampened. There is still significant potential, but it is much less than that of the Associate Attorneys. This analysis identifies the Associate Attorneys as the Pivotal Talent Pool. The positions within this pool are fairly standard so the pivotal position is that of â€Å"Associate Attorney. Would the performance of the firm as defined in the strategy execution and support of competitive advantage improve if a 20% increase in quant or qual? The Associate Attorneys are pivotal due to their significant amount of customer contact and their room for growth. To identify the pivotal role challenges, we must identify the strategic deliverables for the position. For superior ser vice, we have identified a number of elements including: responsiveness to client demands; developing personal relationships; positive attitude; and dependability (delivering on commitments). Are these critical outcomes to support strategy execution? Do you have these from Del #1? The Associate Attorneys work with the clients on a daily basis. This is a pivotal role challenge. How does this interaction go? Are the associates attentive and positive? Do they connect with the client on a personal basis such that they build durable relationships? Are they participating in social events designed to strengthen and build these relationships? Demonstrating these behaviors will be critical. The associate Attorneys can be developed and trained and certain metrics can be used for elements like responsiveness. Others such as relationship building and positive attitude will require work in recruiting the right people and assimilating the existing culture. Customer feedback mechanisms should also be developed and maintained. Some customers already provide individual and firm-wide â€Å"report cards. † In addition to the pivotal role challenge as it relates to customer interaction, another pivotal challenge exists with respect to Associate Attorney interaction within the legal community at large. It is the development of these relationships that ultimately serve as the underpinnings of the relationship between the Firm and its primary customers. This is also critical in maintaining the reputation of the Firm. Within this component, relationships with judges, court personnel, opposing attorneys, and competitors are critical. Metrics can be developed to monitor the Associate Attorneys’ development with respect to these other peer groups (by speaking with the judge, opposing counsel, other attorneys involved in a particular case during the course of or at the conclusion of a particular case. Most of these other peer groups are willing to share specific information concerning attorney development and this information can be analyzed to determine whether it conforms with existing reputation standards and Firm specific cultural norms. Table 1 provides a list of skills identified as critical to delivering product quality. Table 1: Attorney Skills critical to product quality| Reporting skills| | Interaction skills| | Specific skills| Writing| | Negotiating| | Mediation| Research| | Advocacy| | Trial| Analytical| | Persuasiveness| | Interrogation| | | Speaking| | | These really belong in Del #3 – performance drivers. All of these skills can be improved through targeted training. Many are best filled by good recruiting and hiring systems. The pivot role challenges occur when the product is delivered. Does it meet the Firm’s standards? These pivot role challenges can occur as the Associate Attorney is attending a pre-trial or in mediating, arbitrating or trying a case. It can happen when they are in front of a judge advocating a position on behalf of their customer. They can occur when a brief or report is being delivered to the customer. Product quality deliverables have some tangible elements that can be measured. Standards can be developed for brief writing and other report deliverables. Mediation, arbitration and trial protocols can be developed to set a standard. In summary, the Associate Attorney is identified as the pivotal position. Pivot Role Challenges center around; customer interactions in support of the Service and Reputation strategic elements, the interaction within the general legal community in support of the Reputation, and the state of the final product in support of the Product Quality strategic element.