The causes and effects of the stock crashes Essay -- essays papers

The causes and effects of the monetary fund collapsees Almost 75 years and almost 20 years ago, there were huge crashes in New York. These crashes caused an uproar passim the nation. Number of people died, billions of dollars lost and damaged lots of lives. Those crashes had been called most severe of the 20th century. Those crashes argon symbolized as Black Days. Well, you might think that those crashes could be simple machine crashes or skim over crashes or train crashes. You might also think that if nation could have lost billions of dollars and lots of lives, those could be car or plane or train crashes. save as you thought, those were not car or plane or train crashes 75 and 20 years ago. The reasons were different than what you are thinking.The main reasons to lost billions of dollars, lost precious lives and lots of damages to the nation were the Stock mart Crashes. On Thursday October 24, 1929 and on Monday October 19, 1987, there was a crash of stock prices on Ne w York stock Exchange. It was a huge crash of stock prices in a single day. Billions of dollars and a number of precious lives were lost. But what we particularly think about Stock Crashes and how does it affect to common lives. The stock markets crashes and its affects are interrelated. The term stock crash came in to English Dictionary some 200 years ago. There was a first stock market crash in the history of economy and in early industrialization era, in the year 1878. It occurred in Wall Street and followed by huge opposition of stock system. But, if we define stock crash, it is a devaluation of stocks or shares of different industries since their price on the vary day. The devaluation of stocks may goes down from 1% to 50 %. It depends on the time and the parameters. And also we need to know what is the stock market. The Stock Market is a inject of commerce where people can come and buy or sell parts of companies called stocks or shares. For example, if you wanted to b uy 30 shares of Hevini Enterprises stock for $5.00 a share, you spend $150.00. Then you sell 20 shares to your friend Joe at $20.00 a share. That means that you make a net income of $250. This is the reason that the Stock Market is so popular with investors. This is how investors make their money. A stock is a certificate of a share of ownership in a business corporation, entitling its owner to dividends, that i... ...before. mass jumped from buildings to death. That was the Great Depression. World wide economic crisis has been raised following the New York Stock market crash in 1929. The stock market crash symbolizes the superficiality and greed of industrialization. It is caused by the thousands of people and it does affect millions of people. The crash teaches people to stop taking great risks and living carefree lives and be more responsible. The crashes break the jumpiness of economy and the nation. Following crash nation may lose all its economical growth and financial stab ility. So, Stock market crash is as risk of infection as one might not think. Crash can be deadly like other disaster. It damages economy, thousands of lives and the it does affect psychologically. BibliographyWorks CitedAnalytical strain on the 1920s , January 21, 2000.Babson, John. Stock Prices break on a dark prophecy. New York Times. Friday September 6, 1929, page1, Col. 7.Key events Black Monday crash of 1987 Rocks Stock Markets http//www.facts.com/cd/v00066.htm , January 14, 2000.The 1987 Stock Market crash, January 14, 2000. The 1929 Stock Market crash. January 14, 2000.

Natural Childbirth is Superior to Drug Induced Childbirth Essay

I remember when my water bag broke it was August 12, 1992, and the time was 1215am.I was very excited that I would see my new baby on her due date. I did what the pip-squeak giving birth book recommended. I woke my husband up and told him to call the hospital. In the meanwhile I decided to take a shower. I was pretty calm because I didnt have any contractions. I wore my best maternity outfit and was spruced up compared to my husband. I even put on some perfume. You see, we had just gone to bed at 1130 that night. My husband looked a little worse for wear. We got to the hospital and then were led into the maternity room. The room looked a little dingy with its yellow light and peeling paint. The hospital bed was small and narrow. I got scared, and I wanted my mother.My husband and I had moved to the States from the Middle East when I was seven months pregnant. We never had a chance to take any child birthing classes. I was nervous. A very pleasant-faced nurse came into the room to talk to us. My unfounded fears were brushed away by her calm demeanor. A few hours went by, the contractions started to loaf stronger, and I requested an epidural. After I got the epidural I didnt feel any pain at all. I was excited. I told my husband if this was how child birthing is, I was ready to have a brood like the Waltons. Then my labor pains stopped completely. My dilation stopped at seven centimeters. The prepare came in to check me and said that it would be better if they induced me. So I got a dose of pitocin. I felt pain like I had never before. I couldnt bear the pain of the contractions anymore. Finally, after twenty two hours of labor, the doctors told my husband that they would do an emergency Cesarean section. By then I was mindless to al... ... experiences labor has a profound long term impact on her life. Goer, Henci. Epidurals Myth Vs Reality. Childbirth Instructor Magazine Winter 1995 17-22.I took a boneheaded breath and pushed till I thought my eyeballs would pop out. In a gush she arrived, and they laid her on my chest where she immediately started to nurse. My husband started to cry for gratification and I just had the biggest grin on my face. I did it, I did itThrough the research I have done, I have found that you have choices in everything. The choice that I made was worth it -for me and my baby. Natural child birth is fulfilling, and I am thankful for all the help I got to make that happen. Choices in child birthing have to be made carefully and wisely by the family and their OB/GYN doctor. Information is vast in this country, and it is just a upshot of educating yourself to make the right choices.

Nazis Pursuit of the Perfect Race :: Marriage Germany Nazis History Essays

Nazis Pursuit of the Perfect RaceThe organization of the argument of this paper is not particularly imaginative since this writer lists elements in a strictly sequential order, but he or she demonstrates familiarity with a wide range of documents and concepts of the Reader while working closely with the specific language of the document he or she is presenting. 1. Remember that you are a German. 2. If you are genetically healthy you should not remain unmarried. 3. Keep your body pure. 4. You should keep your mind and spirit pure. 5. As a German choose only a spouse of the same or Nordic blood. 6. In choosing a spouse ask about his ancestors. 7. wellness is also a precondition for physical beauty. 8. Marry only for love. 9. Dont look for a playmate but for a companion for marriage. 10. You should want to have as many children as possible. (CR 286) This document, the Ten Commandments for Choosing a Spouse from the Advice Center for the Improvement of Genetic and Racial Health of the Indo-European society, is a compilation of recommendations to reinforce the bureau of the Nazi policy of pursing racial purity (Ellis, Esler 365). It was published in 1934 as Nazi propaganda to influence the public to move towards the Nazi governments ideal society of Aryans. The hassle in executing this plan was that the restrictions placed by the Nazi government against non-citizens caused the marriage rate to decline. In achieving this dream, Hitler tried to redefine gender roles in Nazi Germany in order to return the woman to the household and restore her to her true profession - motherhood (Ellis, Esler 365). The Ten Commandments for Choosing a Spouse is an example of Hitlers campaign towards his Aryan utopian society. Even though the high school textbook claims that women took secondary roles in Nazi Germany, women were so important to the

Fear in Lord of the Flies Essays -- Lord of the Flies William Golding

Fear in Lord of the FliesIn the novel the Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, aidis the event of all of the problems that take place on the island. Atfirst, the island is thought to be splendid and a enlightenment, but as theboys stay on the island increases, so, too, do their fears. The boys soon become afraid of each other and soon after that the boys uncover upand fight because of the fear. The boys original fears ar of whatthey think are beasts. Then tidy sum started getting frightened(Golding, 88). This was spoken by Ralph at an assembly because he knewthat things were breaking up and he also knew why. It was the fear. Inthe novel the Lord of the Flies, fear is the root of the trouble thatis caused on the island.The boys fear turns into fear of each other after only a short timeon the island. Many of the boys emerge Ralph and join horseshits community ofhunters because Jack provides them with fun. Jacks tribe goes huntingand has feasts and everyone, even if it is only for a short time,forgets about the beast and ignores it. After a while, though, some ofthe boys are in Jacks tribe because of their fear, but not their fearof the beast. They stay in Jacks group because they are afraid ofJack and, eventually, Roger. Jack controls them all by covering he ismercilessHes going to beat Wilfred.What for?Robert shook his head doubtfully. I dont know. He didnt say. He gotangry and made us tie Wilfred up (176).Jack beats up members of his tribe for no reason at all, except toinstill upon them the fear of himself. Soon, everyone is afraid ofRoger also. The twins are forced to join Jacks tribe and areterrified of Roger. You dont know Roger. Hes a terror. -and t... ...ic, see a beast sitting on top of themountain and Ralph, Jack and Roger confirm what the twins saw, thitheris complete fear. No one is willing to walk alone or even to go deepinto the forests, except for Simon. The boys are terrified and this iswhen things start to break up. Now, the f ear moves on from what they thinkis the beast to something much more dangerous. Now, they are afraid ofeach other.At first the island is thought to be a paradise by the boys. It is adream come true. The boys are living every childs fantasy. Thenthings start to go horribly wrong. Fear sets in. In this novel,William Golding illustrates that fear is all over and can wreakhavoc on many things. In this case the boys become afraid of eachother and for all of them survival becomes impossible. They eventuallythey work out that dreams can easily turn into nightmares.

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

Escaping from slavery in 1838 had to be a treacherous experience escaping slavery at any(prenominal) time would be Most slaves couldnt read or write, but one slave, Fredrick Douglass, broke that barrier and many more. In this particular writing he uses a wide-open state of mind to clearly get his thoughts across. He does this by development a wide variety of diction along with execration fluency. An example can be seen in every sentence of every paragraph. I saw in every white man an enemy, and in roughly every colored man cause for distrust. It was a most painful situation and, to understand it, one must needs experience it, or cerebrate himself in similar circumstances. His narrative point of view about slavery, or rather first person experience on slavery, is expressed throughout as he explains slavery as being both life and death. How someone can write with such strong emotion, is beyond me, but Douglass does more than that. He captures and captivates the reader into thinki ng about and imagining his experiences. Through the use of concrete language, Fredrick Douglass, relates his readers to the life of a slave while at the same time explaining how one could neer understand unless he experiences the hardships of slavery on his own. Fredrick Douglass has such a talent at pulling his readers into the writing and making them envision what is happening, that anyone could fall in go to bed with his writing. An example can be found in, There I was in the midst of thousands, and yet a perfect stranger Another common image of speech found many times within the passage is the use of metaphors. Some are seen in,I felt like one who had escaped a den of hungry lions, being seized upon by his fellow-man, as the hideous crocodile seizes upon his prey, and among fellow-men, yet feeling as if in the midst of wild beasts. By using such metaphors, Douglass is helping his readers better imagine his emotions. Each sentence flows fluidly and without imperfection. There are no apostrophes or harsh-sounding words that do not belong or fit among the others. The words fit together perfectly, as do the ideas in order to make a remarkable essay filled with emotion.

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

Escaping from slavery in 1838 had to be a treacherous experience escaping slavery at any time would be or so slaves couldnt read or write, but one slave, Fredrick Douglass, broke that barrier and art objecty more. In this particular writing he uses a wide-open deposit of mind to clearly get his thoughts across. He does this by using a wide variety of diction along with sentence fluency. An example can be seen in every sentence of every paragraph. I saw in every white man an enemy, and in almost every colored man cause for distrust. It was a most painful situation and, to understand it, one must needs experience it, or imagine himself in similar circumstances. His storey point of view roughly slavery, or rather first person experience on slavery, is expressed throughout as he explains slavery as existence both life and death. How someone can write with such strong emotion, is beyond me, but Douglass does more than that. He captures and captivates the reader into thinking about and imagining his experiences. Through the use of concrete language, Fredrick Douglass, relates his readers to the life of a slave while at the same time explaining how one could never understand unless he experiences the hardships of slavery on his own. Fredrick Douglass has such a talent at pulling his readers into the writing and making them envision what is happening, that anyone could fall in love with his writing. An example can be found in, There I was in the midst of thousands, and yet a perfect stranger Another common figure of speech found some(prenominal) times within the passage is the use of metaphors. Some are seen in,I felt like one who had escaped a den of hungry lions, being seized upon by his fellow-man, as the hideous crocodile seizes upon his prey, and among fellow-men, yet feeling as if in the midst of wild beasts. By using such metaphors, Douglass is helping his readers fail imagine his emotions. Each sentence flows fluidly and without imperfection. There ar e no apostrophes or harsh-sounding words that do not belong or choke among the others. The words fit together perfectly, as do the ideas in order to make a remarkable essay filled with emotion.

Calyx & Corolla

Calyx & Corolla formula 1. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Calyx & Corolla formula? Strengths ?Through working closely with the supplier or grower Calyx & Corolla provides a much fresher product to the customer than their competitors. Through national Express Calyx & Corolla have an excellent relationship with the growers. Calyx & Corolla uses 30 spirit growers to picture their flowers. The top eight of these growers supply close to 80% of their orders, however no one grower supplies more than 25% of its products to Calyx & Corolla (Wylie and Salmon, 1999).Calyx & Corolla has exclusivity agreements with all growers they do job with. The way of Calyx & Corolla works very closely with the growers on a continual basis to ensure that quality arrangements and packaging are achieved. Growers are paid wholesale prices and an surplus surcharge to provide the extra services of arranging and packaging the flowers. To accomplish these extra services or retail responsibilities , the growers employ additional people.Calyx & Corolla senior managers stop in close contact with representatives from each grower they do business with to collaborate on availability of flowers, arrangements, schedules, accessories and packaging supplies. Calyx & Corollas relationship with their shipper, Federal Express, is just as strong and critical as their relationship with the suppliers. They have a special contract with Federal Express that includes special handling of the packaged flowers. During peak periods, Federal Express provides trailers to the growers to expedite the shipping process. During adverse onditions, such as extreme weather, Federal Express provides extra delivery services by not expiration packages in situations where the flowers could be damaged or ruined. To help track shipments and provide better customer service, Federal Express provides computer terminals to both Calyx Corolla and the suppliers. Because the majority of their business is realized dur ing peak periods, around holidays, Calyx Corolla is working to help alleviate the peaks. By offering continuity programs, promotional tie-ins and corporate client business, they can offset tedious periods and lessen the mpact of sudden demand during peak periods. The management team at Calyx Corolla works very closely with their own staff. Realizing the importance of a high quality sales and customer service staff, they hire serviceoriented people with a genuine interest in flowers and plants. Senior managers are personally involved in the knowledge and daily working environment of their employees. Calyx Corolla had nearly an 80% margin of flower sales (Wylie and Salmon, 1991), and possessed an experienced and dedicated management team and a advanced(a) information system and customer database to analyze sales.Calyx Corolla appears to have a strong potential for a bright future, but the company also had some evident weaknesses in their business. Weaknesses 1. Why has Calyx Corolla been successful? 2. What are the potential sources of channel conflict in the Calyx Corolla system? 3. What steps should Ms. Owades and her associates take next to more fully dumbfound Calyx Corolla? 4. How would you determine the life-time value of a customer? 5. Visit their website. How has this helped Calyx Corolla? It can effectively target potential buyers who patronize florists and other retailers versus mail order.

American history Empire, War, and propaganda

lacquerese and Chinese cultures have many similarities owing to the particular that the latter has exerted a major cultural figure out on the former. As is honored in the De Barys book on Nipponese tradition, the Japanese started recording their after they had contact with the Chinese. In fact the earliest existence of Japan is in the Chinese Dynastic histories around the 1stCentury BCE, written by Chinese historians who were cognize to compile fairly reliable accounts of their posit day world (p.3, 4).The native accounts of Japanese were written around the 8th century CE, by which time the Japanese were already heavily influenced by the Chinese traditions. Hence, at that place are a lot of cultural similarities between the two countries. This paper compares and contrasts the two cultures with respect to their trust, tradition, belles-lettres and philosophies. customs and Philosophies in mainland China and Japan Chinese Chinese philosophy and religion seems to begin with C onfucius and his teachings.While there are certain records which are supposed to pre-date Confucius, according to De Bary in his book on Chinese Tradition these works are suspected to be compiled after the time of Confucius (p. 1). The traditional history consists of many semi-divine culture heroes who supposedly were responsible for bringing civilization among the sight of China. These were followed by three rulers of exceptional wisdom Yao, Shun and Yu, as is mentioned in the books by De Bary on Chinese Tradition (p. 2).However, the most famous of the Chinese religion and Philosophy is of course the teaching of Confucius who select the teachings and examples of these rulers in his teachings. In fact according to De Bary the life of Chinese for the past 2000 years can be characterized in a word to be Confucian. The second most important and influential native philosophy of Chinese is more religious in nature and is known as Taoism. Many of the present day philosophers comment th at the two philosophies complement each other.While Confucianism concerns itself with the social responsibilities and human aspects of life, Taoism contends itself with a spiritual outlook towards life. De Bary mentions that these two philosophies expose two different aspects of an individual one that is cerebrate to his work and responsibilities and the other which is related to his spiritual side (p. 48). The work of Confucius was further refined to make it a more moralistic and righteous, such that good deal were honor bound to fulfill their duties and responsibilities.These were other philosophies at work in China. One of these was Legalism which was proposed by Shang Yang and is considered to be only another classical school of thought in China. The theory however was explained in detail by Han Fei, who is considered as the father of this philosophy. De Bary says that growth of this philosophy was collectible to a need for a more rational organization for society than the traditional feudalistic system, which had started to disintegrate even during the Confucian period (p. 122).Legalism was inherent in the Han Empire and was made palatable by adopting Confucianism as the state ideology. As will be seen in the section below Legalism combined with Confucianism was one of the philosophies that was astray accepted and followed in Japan after they decided to abandon their clan- ground society for a more rational one. Japanese Prior to Chinese influence, Japan consisted of a number of tribes ruled by individual kings. These tribes were supposedly from many different parts of Asia including Korea and proceeded to settle in the Japanese islands.While the early traditional influences of Japanese people remain obscure, Chinese writings mention Japanese people as performing sun worship, which might account for the name of the country. These writings alike mention the people as being honest, polite, displaying gentleness in peace and bravery in war, love for liquor and mountains and religious rites of purification and divination as is mentioned by De Bary in his book on Japanese tradition (p. 5). This type of nature worship was the oldest type of religion found in Japan and was known as Shintoism.As the tribes began to exert their sphere of influence, they turned towards the Chinese philosophies and examples for both political and cultural guidance. Hence, the Japanese culture is very closely intertwined with the Chinese culture, and it is not the other counsel round. De Bary mentions that many of the imperial edicts issued during the Great Reform period which began in the 645 CE consisted of Chinese based administration systems (p. 63). For instance the old political system which was based on tribal clans was changed to the Chinese system of systematic territorial administration.Also there was an attempt to abolish private property, nationalize the land and redistribute it based on the family size which was the system followed in Chin a. De Bary says that these systems were so meticulously followed that the records that have been found of this period are almost identical to those found in China (p. 64). However, the influence exerted by the Chinese on Japanese traditions was not just political during this period. As is already mentioned above, Chinese life has been mostly influenced by the teachings of Confucius.Needless to say these traditions were adopted by Japanese also and formed one of the integral parts of study for the scholars during the period. However, these teachings cannot be found in their original formed as debaryhas affirm in his books (p. 69). There have been many changes because the people tended to imbibe their existing religion and philosophies with those of the new order proposed by the Chinese philosophers during that period. Buddhism in China and Japan Chinese Buddhism came to China via India in the first century AD, where the religion originated.Buddhism came divided into a number of sect s, said to be eighteen in number earlier it came to China. When Buddhism entered China some of these sects were introduced and assumed newer forms under the Chinese influence. In addition Chinese themselves developed many strong sects. Initially when it came to Japan Buddhism encountered stiff resistance and remained a foreign religion for over two centuries after which it started getting accepted. The problem as is told by De Bary was that the Chinese did not know about the sectary nature of Buddhism, and considered whatever words were written to be the words of Buddha.This resulted in confusion due to the many contradictory statements of various sects. Mahayana Buddhism or the Greater vehicle took on a Chinese character and evolved into several schools such as Tien-Ttai, Hua-yuen, Pre Land and Chan Japanese Buddhism is one of the major religions practiced in both China and Japan. The religion was introduced to Japan in the 7thcentury AD. The most popular types of Buddhism foll owed here were Pure Land and Zen Buddhism, a offshoot of Chan Buddhism (p. 120). In Japan, Buddhism became closely intertwined with the principles of Shinto.This was initially through with(p) to make the religion more acceptable to the local public. The first clear indication of a merger between Shinto principles and Buddhism according to De Bary was in the put of Nara period which was more than 200 years after the religion was introduced in the country. De Bary further states that the mutual relationship of the Buddhism with the Shinto developed and by the Kamakura period there existed detailed explanations of Shinto gods as the concrete manifestations of Buddhist deities (p.121). Here, the Buddhism and its various rites differ from the Chinese versions because there are no such deities present in the Chinese versions, where the Buddhism was based primarily on the Taoist principles of the beauty of nature and relation between Buddhism with the various environmental issues. Litera ture influence The influence of Chinese literature in Japanese culture is clearly evident by the fact that Japanese follow the Chinese pictographic hand in writing.The reason for this is mentioned by De Bary in his book where he says that the Chinese way of philosophy and political code was adopted directly by the Japanese rulers. An understanding of the corresponding script was hence considered to be necessary and such a script was considered to be a must for being considered as a scholar whether literal or political (p. 48). However, the Chinese script being very difficult to its pictographic nature had to be simplified when it was adopted by the common man. Hence, the Japanese also have sound based writing system which is not present in the Chinese script.Political influence Chinese influence can be seen in almost every aspect of Japanese life. On the political side De Bary gives the example of the Imperial rule which is sometimes called Tennoism. This type of imperial rules giv es the ruling family a divine status. In Japanese society, this translated to the ruling family having an unbroken tie with the Sun Goddess who was the primary deity worshiped by the Japanese people. The chief difference between the Chinese and Japanese ruling systems was that the former was sexual morality based while the later was hereditary in nature.The Chinese rulers were theoretically subjected to the criteria of merit and rulers or dynasties could forfeit the edict to rule if they did not live up to them. This principle was absent in case of Japanese ruling family, which was primarily governed by the hereditary principle and the merit principle did not apply at all to the ruling family (p. 69) Conclusion As has been already mentioned above, the Chinese and Japanese traditions and cultures are closely inter related due to the strong influence the former had in the development of the latter.The cultural vein has flowed from Chinese to the Japanese people, which included the s pread of Buddhism in the country. The principles were no query changed according to the dictates of the society, but the binding ties can be clearly seen between the cultured of the two countries. Works Cited De Bary WT (2001), Sources of Japanese Tradition, 2nd Edition, Columbia University Press, West Sussex De Bary WT (1960), Sources of Japanese Tradition Vol. 1, Columbia University Press, West Sussex

Gulf Coast Motor

This course includes a challenging Course Project due in ca leavear week 6. Be motility of this, you will need to spend additional time and effort throughout the course to work on your project rather than wait until Week 6. The field of operation of the project may be found on any Case from any chapter as reduceed in this course. Examples are Case 10. 3- Montgomery v. English on page 175 and Case 14. 2- Page v. disjunction bank Motors on page 111. Choose the case you wish to research and then do the followers Read and understand the case. Show your Analysis and Reasoning and throw it clear you understand the material.Be authorized to use the concepts of the course to show your cogitate. Summarize the situation. Dedicate at least one heading to each following outline topic ? Parties Identify the plaintiff and the defendant and tell nearthing about them. Facts Summarize those facts circumstantial to the out lift of the case. Procedure Who brought the entreaty? What was th e issuance in the lower courtyard(s)? Issue Note the central question or questions on which the case turns. Holding How did the court resolve the issue(s)? Who won? Reasoning Explain the logic that supported the courts decision. Case Questions Be sure to address and thoroughly answer each and every case question and each part of each question. Conclusion This should ingeminate the key aspects of the decision and also your recommendations on the courts ruling. Include citations on the slides and a reference page with your sources. Use APA style citations and references. Do significant research outdoor(a) of the book and demonstrate that you have in a very obvious way. This refers to research beyond the legal research. This involves something about the parties or other interesting associate area.Show something you have discovered about the case, parties, or other important element from your own research. Be sure this is obvious and adds value beyond the legal reasoning of t he case. PAGE v. GULF COAST MOTORS Mary R. PAGE v. GULF COAST MOTORS. 2030401. December 30, 2004 David Vaughn, Daphne, for appellant. James Rebarchak of Miller, Hamilton, Snider & Odom, L. L. C. , Mobile, for appellee. Parties Identify the plaintiff and the defendant and tell something about them. disjunction Coast Motors sued Glenn and Mary Page to recover money lent at various times to Glenn. Mary asserted the affirmative defenses of the lack of consideration and the Statute of Frauds. Facts Summarize those facts critical to the outcome of the case. On August 29, 2003, the case was tried by the court without a jury. ? The trial court heard ore tenus testimony from Mary, Glenn, and representatives of Gulf Coast Motors. ? subsequently the trial, the parties submitted briefs on the application of the Statute of Frauds as to the claims asserted against Mary. On November 7, 2003, the trial court entered a judgment in the amount of $23,020 in troupe favor of Gulf Coast Motors and against both Glenn and Mary.On December 8, 2003, Mary filed a motion to alter, amend, or vacate the judgment based on the Statute of Frauds. ? That motion was denied on December 9, 2003. ? On January 20, 2004, Mary filed a nonice of appeal to this court. ? Glenn did non appeal. Glenn had a long-term friendship with Jerry Sellers, one of the owners of Gulf Coast Motors. ? In or around 1993, Glenn began borrowing money from Gulf Coast Motors on a recurring basis. ? The parties agree that Glenn borrowed money from Gulf Coast Motors and that he had a free rein problem, but there is no bear witness as to what Glenn used the loan proceeds for. ? In its brief to this court, Gulf Coast Motors fails to cite to any evidence indicating that Mary derived an economic benefit from the proceeds of any of the loans to Glenn. The loan process was informal. ? Gulf Coast Motors set up a one-page book to record Glenns loans. ? The ledger sheet showed the debits and character references, and it c ontained the following statement at the bottom, signed by Glenn ? I agree to relent Jerry Sellers2 as above with waiver of all exemptions. ? Mary did non sign the ledger sheet, and her name does not appear thereon.At various times between October 2000 and October 2002, Glenn borrowed money from Gulf Coast Motors. ? According to Gulf Coast Motorss bookkeeper, Glenn would come in and borrow money from Gulf Coast Motors and set up a compensatement plan, get cash, then sometimes hed come in and he would pauperization Sellers to cash a check for him and, hold the check. ? At various times, Glenn made standments, typically in amounts of $300 or $600, to apply toward the balance of his account. ? The parties do not dispute that Glenn was indebted to Gulf Coast Motors.Sellers testified that he became concerned about Glenns debt in 2002 and that he asked Mary to guaranty Glenns debt. ? According to Sellers, Mary agreed to make sure that Gulf Coast Motors was paid if they would work with us. ? Sellers testified as follows I called Mary on the telephone. ? Mary, Glenn is up here wanting me to cash another check and, you know, hes got a big bill already run up here and he tells me when yall harvest your timber ? youre going to pay off all this account And, ah, Mary said, well, Im gonna pay it. ? I ring you that well pay this off. Just work with us until we can sell our timber. ? I promise you you wont lose a dime. ? Youll be paid further as soon as we get the money. Sellers testified that he modified Glenns payment terms and made additional advances based on Marys assurances that she would make payment. ? Sellers testified She said, Well, if you will rework those just put them in a payment where we can pay five of six hundred dollars a month well do that until we sell our timber. ? And based on her promise that she would make sure it was paid, I did that for her because Glenn does not have anything in his name. ?And the only assurance I could go forward on wa s dangle Mary. And she promised me faithfully that I would be paid in full everything was owed and all she wanted me to do was work with them until they could sell their timber. Mary denied that she had promised to pay any of Glenns debt, and she denied that Sellers had asked her to pay Glenns debt. ? Mary testified that she never received any money from Sellers or Gulf Coast Motors, and she denied that she had received any economic benefit from moneys lent by Gulf Coast Motors to Glenn. She testified that, if she had been asked, she would have advised Sellers not to lend money to Glenn. ?Because the trial court heard ore tenus evidence, the trial courts findings of fact are given a presumptuousness of correctness, and we will not reverse the trial courts judgment based on those findings of fact unless it is clearly erroneous, without supporting evidence, manifestly unjust, or against the great weight of the evidence. ? Odom v. Hull, 658 So. 2d 442, 444 (Ala. 1995). ? Where, how ever, the issue is the application of law to the facts, the presumption of correctness has no application and our review is de novo. Brown v. City of Huntsville, 891 So. 2d 295 (Ala. 2004) ? Ex parte Board of Zoning allowance account of Mobile, 636 So. 2d 415 (Ala. 1994). Our disposition of this case turns on the proper application of the Statute of Frauds. ? Specifically, ? 8-9-2, Ala. Code 1975, provides, in pertinent part In the following cases, every organisation is repress unless such agreement or some note or memorandum thereof expressing the consideration is in writing and subscribed by the party to be charged therewith or some other person by him thereunto lawfully authorized in writing ? (3)?Every special promise to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of another ? (7)? Every agreement or commitment to lend money, delay or forebear repayment thereof or to modify the provisions of such an agreement or commitment except for consumer loans with a principal amount fi nanced less than $25,000. Issue Who brought the appeal? What was the outcome in the lower court(s)? A promise to pay the debt of another is barred by the Statute of Frauds unless it is in writing. ? It is not disputed that Mary did not sign a note, guaranty, or any other writing promising to pay any part of Glenns debts. Therefore, if the purported agreement to pay Glenns debt is within the Statute of Frauds, Mary is not liable even if the trial court found Sellerss testimony to be credible. ? Marys alleged oral promises are not enforceable under the Statute of Frauds. Gulf Coast Motors makes three arguments in this appeal. ?First, it argues that Marys obligations were original promises to pay, rather than guaranty or collateral agreements, and thus were not within the Statute of Frauds. ? The Alabama Supreme motor lodge has defined original and collateral agreements as follows ? Collateral agreements are those in which the object of the promise is to become the guarantor of anot hers debt ? these are within the statute and mustiness be in writing to be enforceable. ?Original agreements are those in which the effect of the promise is to pay the debt of another, but the object of the promise is to promote some purpose of the promisor. Fendley v. Dozier Hardware Co. , 449 So. 2d 1236, 1238 (Ala. 1984) (citations omitted). ? See also Lawler v. Cook Oil Co. , 640 So. 2d 950, 951 (Ala. Civ. App. 1994). In this case, Marys alleged agreement was to guaranty payment of Glenns debt. ? Much of the credit had already been extended to Glenn when Mary allegedly made her oral promises to guaranty payment. Moreover, there is no suggestion in the record as to any economic purpose that Mary would advance by repayment of Glenns debt, and there is no evidence indicating that Mary received any economic benefit from the loans to Glenn. ? See Lankford v. Rucker, 396 So. 2d 105 (Ala. Civ. App. 1981). ? We conclude that the issue presented involves an alleged guaranty, or collate ral, agreement, not an original agreement. ?Second, Gulf Coast Motors argues that Ala.Code 1975, ? 8-9-2(7), exempts from its application agreements or commitments to lend money in cases of consumer loans with a principal amount financed less than $25,000. ? 8-9-2(7). ? This argument fails because ? 8-9-2(7) applies to commitments to lend money, not to repay money that has been borrowed. ? Carter v. Holland, 825 So. 2d 832, 836 (Ala. Civ. App. 2001). ? See Rozell v. Childers, 888 So. 2d 1244 (Ala. Civ. App. 2004). ? Marys purported guaranty is not an agreement to lend money, and it is therefore not governed by ? -9-2(7). ? Moreover, a transaction is covered by the Statute of Frauds if it comes within any of the subsections of ? 8-9-2. ? Because Marys purported guaranty was covered by ? 8-9-2(3), it is irrelevant that it is excluded from the range of mountains of another subsection of the statute. ?Third, Gulf Coast Motors argues, in reliance upon Nelson Realty Co. v. Darling Shop of Birmingham, Inc. , 267 Ala. 301, 101 So. 2d 78 (1957), that Mary committed spoof in the procurement of the loans and that the Statute of Frauds therefore does not bar recovery. This argument is without merit because the Alabama Supreme Court recently held that an oral promise that is void by operation of the Statute of Frauds will not support an action against the promisor for promissory fraud. ? Bruce v. Cole, 854 So. 2d 47, 58 (Ala. 2003). ? To allow a promissory-fraud claim in such circumstances would cause the Statute of Frauds to become meaningless. ? Therefore, under Bruce, the promissory-fraud claim is barred because the underlying promise is barred by the Statute of Frauds. Holding How did the court resolve the issue(s)? Who won? Based on the foregoing, we conclude that Marys alleged promises to guaranty or repay Glenns debts were within the Statute of Frauds and, therefore, were not enforceable. ? Therefore, we reverse the trial courts judgment, and we remand the caus e for the trial court to enter a judgment in Marys favor on all claims. REVERSED AND REMANDED. Reasoning Explain the logic that supported the courts decision. Case Questions Be sure to address and thoroughly answer each and every case question and each part of each question. Critical Legal Thinking What is a guaranty contract? Explain.Business Ethics Did Glenn act ethically in this case? Would Mary have acted unethically if she had actually orally guaranteed to repay her husbands debts and then raised the Statute of Frauds to prevent enforcement of the oral promises? Contemporary Business Are guaranty contracts often used in business? Can you think of a situation in which a guaranty contract would be required? Conclusion This should summarize the key aspects of the decision and also your recommendations on the courts ruling. FOOTNOTES 1. ?When the loans were being made, Glenn was not working and had no assets in his own name. Mary has significant assets in her own name. 2. ?The p arties do not discuss the discrepancy between the promise to pay Sellers and Gulf Coast Motorss claim to be the obligee. ? We note that Gulf Coast Motors is referred to in the record both as a corporation and as Jerry Sellers d/b/a Gulf Coast Motors. 3. ?Sellers testified that he refinanced Glenn per Marys request and put all the old other checks in with the other account and redid it at $600 a month. MURDOCK, Judge. YATES, P. J. , and CRAWLEY and THOMPSON, JJ. , concur. PITTMAN, J. , recuses himself.?

An individual written report on integrated marketing communication Essay

1. IntroductionThe purpose of the essay is to explore integrated marketing communication theory (IMC), its definitions and issues, and the importance of a mug reference within IMC. It also demonstrates the perspectives of integrated stain promotion and the comparison between integrated marketing communications and integrated brand promotion (IBP). each these elements are supported by a number of organizations that are well- known in their industry. this essay provides and discuss nearly fonts Communications Theory helps to understand the sense of hearings needs, emotions, interests and activities which are necessary to ensure the accuracy and relevance of any heart and soul. Simple communications theory shows a sender sending a message to the receiver, who receives and understands it. However, in real life, many an(prenominal) messages are simply ignored, misunderstood or fail loss (Multimediamarketing, 2014)2. merged marketing communications (IMC).IMC is a growth order shown to demonstrate the benefits of marketing communication across all functions of a company that affects customer needs. One of the definitions of IMC is the process of managing all sources of information about a product, proceeds to which a customer or prospect is exposed, which behaviorally moves the consumer toward a sale, maintains customer loyalty (Thorson,1996). According to the above definition, integrated marketing communication focuses on behavioral responses from the customer and builds relationships between customer and brand.Another definition of IMC is a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines-for example, general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations-and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communications impact (Marketing Executives, 2014). Thisdefinition point of references some of the components of integrated marketing communications such as advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations.by brining together all these tools, one can achieve an effective campaign. IMC is directed by its use of distinguishable medias to send out the message about one product.2.1 IMC and organizationsThe organization can benefit from IMC by consolidating its image, developing a discussion and supporting its relationship with customers. thither are many organizations that eat been extremely successful and doing excellent jobs of integrating their communication efforts such as Ben & Jerrys, Nike, The Body Shop, Banana Republic and Apple. These companies established immobile brand images by their communication plans which have been an honest outgrowth of their corporate culture (Thorson, 1996). For instance, Guinness is the well-known Irish beer maker that applies the integrated marketing communications strategy. In 2007, it introduced w ith a campaign that used various media to develop messages and advertisements. Guinness developed Its Alive this idea extended across all of the communications channels.Also, instead of developing separate messages, communications and marketing campaigns for each type of mass media, it chose to improve one main message to interact with its target demographic, which savs time, money and resources (Marketing Executives, 2014) Another example for a company that uses an integrated marketing communication strategy is The Body Shop which has various values such as being against animal testing, defend human rights and the environment. However, these values have not been communicated clearly to the target market. As a result, The Body Shop launched a campaigns focused on re-communicating those values more(prenominal) clearly and effectively, such as Love Your Body, Love Your Community (LYBLTC).2.2 Target audienceSuccessful business organizations that use integrated marketing communication s have their style of reaching target audiences. They can develop and send messages that are valuable and well-presented, which may cause target audiences to express behavioral, attitudinal and emotional responses. For example, in the fall in Kingdom, O2, a mobile telecommunications company, developed a new campaign called A world thatrevolves around you. The main reason to create this campaign was prepay customers matte neglected.Approximately 50 per cent of O2s customers took advantage of the campaign to benefit from the offer of a 10 percent refund of their quarterly top-ups. The target audience could understand the social media mix that was oriented around them. As a result, it created a successful media plan that involved email, SMS, MMS, online chat rooms and brand channel events (Thorson, 1996).3. integrated brand promotion (IBP)Recently, more firms try to adopt an integrated brand promotion and avoid stress on traditional mass media advertising. Integrated brand promoti on is the use of various promotional tools, including advertising in a coordinated manner to build and maintain brand awareness, identity, and preference(OGuinn, Allen and Semenik, 2003) they mention unlike promotional tools that have been used instead of advertising, such as event sponsorship, direct marketing, sales promotion, and public relations. However, even though these new methods exist, we muted require coordination with the advertising that remains.For example, Procter & Gamble, the company that started selling soap on the radio successfully shifted to selling soap on television. Today P&G sells many products besides soap. However, P&Gs customers have changed, and new IBP techniques are necessary for its brands. NBC Digital Networks and Starcom Media Vest Group are the partners P&G opinionated to work with to ensure that its brands are entrenched in the entertainment preferred by its targeted consumers. Additionally, P&G product promotions have moved to the Web want ma ny other marketers by creating an online documentary series for its Pampers brand. P&Gs target audience is the couples who are expected to be prime prospects for P&Gs Pampers brand in the future. Integrated brand promotion tools are always preferred by marketers who directed at their target audiences (OGuinn, Allen and Semenik, 2003)4. Integrated marketing communication and integrated brand promotion Integrated marketing communications are often perceived as messages present in different mass media, and integrated brand promotion focuses on building a brand by looking at the purpose of that brand. These is All about identifying how the brand can improve consumers lives with its benefits, and create an experience for them that includes services, information, education and entertainment. It can build an entirebrand experience. IBP expresses the company vision and its personality by focusing on the brand that is the foundation for integrated marketing communications. Furthermore, IMC a nd IBP help companies generate more revenue because IMC achieves companiess objective in increasing the return on marketing spending and IBP can make the brand more appeal and trustworthy (Thorson, 1996).5. ConclusionThis essay has examined IMC and IBP definitions, events and issues related to both strategies. Also, it describes the importance of audiences within IMC compared to IBP, and presented some successful industry examples, such as Guinness, The Body Shop, P&G and O2. 1089 words6. ReferencesThorson, E. 1996. Integrated communication. Mahwah, N. J. Erlbaum.Marketing Executives. 2014. Integrated Marketing What It Is and Why You Should Embrace It fork 1. online Available at http//www.marketingexecutives.biz/integrated-marketing-what-it-and-why-you-should-embrace-it-part-1 Accessed 11 May 2014.Multimediamarketing.com, (2014). Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). online Available at http//www.multimediamarketing.com/mkc/marketingcommunications/ Accessed 12 May. 2014.OGuin n, T., Allen, C. and Semenik, R. (2003). Advertising and integrated brand promotion. inaugural ed. Mason, Ohio Thomson/South-Western.

Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide Essay

Understanding Disease Risk FactorsDescribe the differences between a chronic disease and infectious disease. What atomic number 82 causes of death are nutrition-related?A) heart diseases, cancers, strokes, diabetesDescribe the concept of a risk of exposure factor.A) Factors known to be related to diseases, but let not yet prove to be a cause. We say that a certain factor puts us at cast upd risk for a disease, but does not cause it. How does ane use risk factors?Review the basics of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Be ready to identify the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (especially diet-related risk factors) A) High base-density lipoprotein blood cholesterol, low HDL blood cholesterol, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, obesity (central obesity), physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, diet high saturated or trans fats, low veggies, low fruits, low whole grains Describe the dietary strategies to reduce risk of CVD through diet. A) Decrease satur ated and trans fat, increase soluble fiber intake, increase fruits and veggies, increase whole grains/ abate refined grains, increase fish intake (2 servings/week) What is the TLC diet and what does it entail?A) TLC = Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes. From the NIH, designed to help decrease cholesterol through diet and lifestyle changes the same changes we saw in table 11.6, also recommends 2 grams per day of plant sterols What do plant sterols have to do with high blood cholesterol? A) Plant sterols the plant form of cholesterol.Slightly chemically different, prevent us from absorbing cholesterol in the intestines, currently only recommended for those with high cholesterolWeight ManagementWhat is meant by the concept of energy balance?A) Intake = product weight maintenanceIntake output weight lossIntake output weight gainWhat is the significance of BMI? See chart on page 3 of (Module 10 Part 1) What is the risk of being overweight or obese?What are the ranges of BMI? (Know th e numbers. What is healthy? Underweight? Overweight?) A) Underweight 18.5Normal = 18.5 24.9Overweight = 25 29.9 corpulent (class I) = 30 34.9Obese (class II) = 35 39.9Extremely obese (class III) 40What are the alternatives to BMI for predicting health status? A) Men 12-20% normal, 5-10% for athletes, 22% & 35% &

A Scholar-Painter’s Diary: Response on the Contents of the Diary of Guo Bi

The necessity of ensuring that the upper-class men of ancient China were both trained in the various forms of the arts i. e. poetry, painting, and calligraphy as headspring as the duties involved in official service may be seen as a result of Chinese philosophys ethical reality. Ethical realism is the belief that there is a dynamic and relational association between man and the world and as such mans duty is to sustain the rational and ethical principle which will bring him into harmony with society and the universe (Mei, 1967, p. 150).This harmony however may only be achieved through the someones mastery of the arts since the arts are the manifestation of the spirit of conduct. The development of the virtuousness of conduct, along with the other virtues of righteousness, propriety, and wisdom necessitate the individuals attention to continuous self-cultivation. Since self-cultivation entails the development of the virtue of conduct, it is thereby necessary for the individual t o continually develop as well as manifest his virtue of conduct through the contemplation of art and nature as well the creation of his own art works.The manner in which an upper-class man develops his virtues through the arts is evident in the diary of Guo Bi. Providing a brief description of the events that occurred during his stay at Xinghua from the 12th day of the sixth month, 1309 to the 27th day of the akin month in the same year, one notices that the main occupation of Guo Bi, along with his companions, involves the production and contemplation of artworks and the contemplation of nature while drinking wine.During this period, Guo Bi was able to produce twenty wine poems, a picture of an impressive stone, a calligraphy scroll, a picture of orchids, calligraphy and bamboo drawings as well as a calligraphy inspired poem (Ebrey, 1993, p. 199). In the course of his stay in the region, one notices that the various art works mentioned above were utilise as a means of showing gr atitude towards the individual visited by Guo Bi. Artworks, in this sense, may be seen as the material manifestation of conduct towards other individuals in Chinese society during that period.

Marketing Plan for for Herborist Cosmetic Company, China

Contents i Executive summary3 ii List of Chart/ Figure4 1. 0 mail service compendium5 1. 1 association and products background5 1. 1. 1 Company presentation5 1. 1. 2 crossroads introduction5 1. 2 Industry introduction6 1. 2. 1 foodstuff size and percentage6 1. 2. 2 Developing trends7 1. 3 Macro-environwork depicttal analysis8 1. 3. 1 Political and sanctioned milieu8 1. 3. 2 Economic environment9 1. 3. 3 sociocultural environment9 1. 3. 4 Technological environment10 1. 4 Competitive analysis10 1. 5 node analysis11 1. 6 Distribution impart analysis11 2. 0 drum analysis12 2. 1 Strengths12 2. 1. 1 Good ingrained ornamentals cross off part12 2. 1. Clear trade come in13 2. 1. 3 significant p atomic number 18nt attach to13 2. 2 Weakness13 2. 2. 1 Capital not difficult as many external augmentative companies13 2. 2. 2 Lack of disfigurement sureness14 2. 2. 3 Huge dwell of mendment in trading operations management14 2. 3 Opportunity14 2. 3. 1 Potential drug addict ion efficiency14 2. 3. 2 2008 Olympic Games trace western to traditional Chinese elements (Chinese wind)15 2. 4 Threat15 2. 4. 1 rugged argument15 2. 4. 216 2. 4. 3 investiture risk (ROI and cash flow)16 2. 4. 4 Economic crisis17 3. 0 Objectives17 3. 1 Corporate objective17 3. 2 food market objectives17 4. 0 Marketing system18 4. 1 bulls eye foodstuff18 4. Positioning scheme18 4. 3 Marketing shamble19 4. 3. 1 Product strategy19 4. 3. 2 set strategy21 4. 3. 3 progressional material strategy22 4. 3. 4 Place strategy24 5. 0 Budget for the future(a) three years27 6. 0 project usefulness and loss avowal28 7. 0 Action program29 8. 0 Control & feedback29 8. 1 Sales analysis29 8. 2 Market share analysis30 8. 3 bring inability by product30 8. 4 Efficiency on advertising, gross sales advancement analysis30 8. 5 Sales-force efficiency31 9. 0 Reference32 i Executive summary The giveing plan is aimed to outline a systematic marketing strategy for Herborist Cosmetic Com pany, which is specialized in herb tea enhancives.This marketing plan will firstly extend out a deliberate analysis on the market share, size, macro environment, dispersion channel, competitor, client and SWOT analysis for Herborist in Chinese augmentative market. And then, based on the analysis, it will state the corporate and marketing objectives of Herborist and then give comme il faut marketing strategy recommendations for Herborist. On one hand the recommendations will take on the formula of market segmentation combined with targeting consumer statement as well as positioning strategy.On the opposite hand, the recommendations will excessively include the suggestions on marketing mix much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the product strategies, determine strategies, scattering strategies and promotion strategies. ii List of Chart/ Figure Figure 1 Market share and growth of antithetical cosmetics sub-sectors, 20097 Figure 2 sire care brands share of total sales, 2008- 09.. 10 Chart 1 Marketing budget chart for year 2011 to 201327 Chart 2 project profit and loss statement (2011 2013). 28 Chart 3 Implementation schedule29 1. Situation analysis 1. 1 Company and products background 1. 1. 1 Company introduction Shanghai Herborist Co. , Ltd. launched in 1998, as a subsidiary of the leading cosmetic producer Shanghai Jahwa United Co. , Ltd, is independently operated (Herborist official website 2010). As its coarse tenseness on using indigenous Chinese herbs in its natural beauty- premeditation products, it has won creation to a trusted extent in the interior(prenominal) cosmetic market of undress care aspect and was awarded with the title of Shanghai famous brand in 2005(Herborist official website 2010).And work the year 2008, Herborist has launched in European market through cooperation with Sephora, which is a leading cosmetics sellers owned by Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy Group (Sephora official website 2010). 1. 1. 2 Products introduction Th e personal care products of Herborist personal are born based on the plan of combination of nigh(prenominal) modern biotechnology and traditional herbal tea medicinal drug.Under the emphasis of the balance between traditional Chinese medicine theory and the gamy-tech pith of modern technology, these products in Herborist can effectively recuperate scrape up, body and kernel to achieve the original beauty and make the users come up as newly born (Herborist official website 2010). Herborists products reduce on not provided the care of face up and body but as well the internal part, which ceaselessly insist the fancy of integrating handed-down Chinese medicinal drug into the latest fruits of modern biotechnology.Take its star product Tai Chi Mud for example, it shows the last-for-ever Chinese aesthetic of balance via the compatibility of Yin and Yang. And at the aforesaid(prenominal) quantify, due to the start of Herborist Spa since the year 2002, Herborist coopera te the oil from herbal essence and herbal water therapy to offer women with holistic care, which also shows its constructs of balance beauty and health on the basis of Chinese traditional herbal medicine (Herborist official website 2010). 1. 2 Industry introduction 1. 2. Market size and share According to the inquiry from Li and Fung (2009), it shows that the cosmetics market of mainland china has enjoyed a continuous growth over recent years and China has bring to pass the second largest cosmetics market in Asia nowadays. And mean temporary hookup, Chinese consumers change magnitude purchasing power and much and more Chinese womens participation in the workforce have strengthened growth in the cosmetics market. Li and Fung (2009) also showed the entropy that retail value of Chinas cosmetics has grown by 26. % and even seizeed ? 48. 83 billion CNY in 2008 from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Meanwhile, from Figure 1(Li & Fung 2009), we can see the skin care products have taken up a big market share even to 26. 3% of Chinese cosmetic market. And meanwhile the study market share of skin care products still dominated by whatever famous orthogonal brands such as P&G, Shieido, LOreal and many local low-end price brands such as Dabao and Longliqi(Li & Fung 2009).As the up-rising star of the cosmetic brand, Herborists market share is about 0. 3% out of the total market share till the first quarter of the year 2010 (Herborist official website 2010). Figure 1 Market share and growth of different cosmetics sub-sectors, 2009 Source Access Asia 1. 2. 2 Developing trends On the basis of the survey from AMA Communication Services (2010), on that point is a trend of growing health awareness among Chinese consumers due to the suppuration of Chinas economy.Thats why Chinese consumers favour cosmetic products using natural ingredients than chemical products, especially the ones with strong attachment to Chinese Traditional Medicine (TCM), which is an ess ential part of Chinese culture. Due to this special preference of Chinese consumers, there is a trend that more and more players, not only internal but also distant ones, cast down to position their cosmetic products with loopy chemical formulae as well as herbal and natural ingredients (Li & Fung 2009).P, for instance, added herbal ingredients such as Shouwu and Ginseng to its nourishing shampoos series of Chinese market. Lux of Unilever also launched its shampoos series with the admission of Chinese herbal ingredients including Danggui, Gingko and Bai Hao Yinzhen in Chinese market. Under this trend, Herborist Co. , Ltd has launched series of natural beauty care products with the ingredients of herbs since the year of 1998, and now enjoys a good popularity of nature beauty care brand (Herborist official website 2010). . 3 Macro-environmental analysis Macro-environment is the outside factors including political, economic, sociocultural, technological and legal forces, which in fluence the survival of the organization (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele & Waller 2010). 1. 3. 1 Political and legal environment In China, central government still encourages the domestic products growth, which is some kind of guarantee for the culture of domestic cosmetic companies, such as Herborist Co. Ltd (Ting 2009). While, at the same time, with the implementation of some tight regulations on cosmetic products such as the Hygiene Standard for Cosmetics (2007 Edition) and the Hygiene Standard for Cosmetics Manufacturers (2007 edition), Chinese government and consumers impart more and more attention to the safety of cosmetic products, especially after the Japan-based SK-II was tested and found to look into some unapproved substances in Chinese counter (Li & Fung 2009).For instance the total number of prohibited and restricted substances utilise in cosmetics is senior higher(prenominal)er at 1,286, and there is also strict limitation on the use of certain ingredients contained in preservatives, sunscreen agentive role, coloring agent and hair dye agent. This also puts Herborist on alert to focus on their products safety. 1. 3. 2 Economic environment The economic conditions in China offer Herborist Co. , Ltd not only opportunities but also risks. China is the second large cosmetic market in Asia and the total retail sales of cosmetics in China is about ? 48. 3 billion CNY in 2008, which shows the great(p) potential consumption power for cosmetic players some(prenominal) global and local, including Herborist(Li & Fung 2009). While the tax rate for the skin care products in China is about 8% to 30% or so on and to comply with the World cope Organization agreements, the import tariffs of cosmetic products has been gradually reduced over the past few years, which bring great impel for Herborist to face not only the expensive product tax but also the hyper competition from products of foreign players due to the relatively cheaper price compared to the previou s after the reduction of import tariffs. . 3. 3 Sociocultural environment There is a special preference on natural ingredients specially the addition of herbal material in skin care products, due to the Chinese Traditional Medicine therapy is the essence of Chinese culture (AMA Communication Services 2010). As for Herborist, this preference on natural ingredients skin care products of Chinese consumers is a great favor. 1. 3. 4 Technological environment The increased usage of the internet in China is the result from the development of technology, which results in the popularity of expansion the online platform for product sale for most cosmetic companies.Under this situation, Herborist has also set up online platforms to show its products in regularise to break more young customers (Herborist official website 2010). 1. 4 Competitive analysis As shown in figure 2 (Li & Fung 2009), the top 10 skin care brands accounted for nearly 80% sales in 2009 of Chinese market, in which the fo reign players take up a large share in the mid-high and high-end segments such as P&G, LOreal and Shiseido. For Herborist these foreign brands including Olay, LOreal, Aupres, Yue-Sai, Avon, Shiseido and so on which also have the orientation on mid and mid-high segments are the powerful opponents.Figure 2 Skin care brands share of total sales, 2008-09 2009 2008 BrandCompany nameShare of total sales (%) OlayProcter & venture (Guangzhou) Ltd 29. 71 AupresShiseido Liyuan Cosmetics Co Ltd 18. 94 LOrealLOreal China11. 83 LancomeLOreal China7. 60 ShiseidoShiseido Liyuan Cosmetics Co Ltd 3. 47 Yue-SaiLOreal China2. 52 DeBonLG Household & Health Care Ltd 1. 32 TJOYNanjing Jianong chemical substance Co. Ltd1. 11 Dabao keen of Red China San Lu Factory0. 61 PondsUnilever China Ltd 0. 61 Others22. 29 BrandCompany nameShare of total sales (%) OlayProcter & Gamble (Guangzhou) Ltd 34. 0 AupresShiseido Liyuan Cosmetics Co Ltd 13. 91 LOrealLOreal China8. 36 DabaoBeijing San Lu Factory 5. 74 Longliqi Jiangsu Longliqi Group Co Ltd 3. 61 TJOYNanjing Jianong Chemical Co. Ltd 2. 58 Yue-SaiLOreal China2. 33 AvonAvon (China) Co Ltd 1. 36 MininurseLOreal China1. 08 PondsUnilever China Ltd 1. 01 Others25. 82 1. 5 Customer analysis According to the look for carried out by AMA Communication Services (2010), the average monthly expenditure on beauty and skin care products of female white collar consumers in Shanghai, Beijing reached 1,000 RMB (about 150 USD).And in separate secondary cities of China, there is also large consumption capacity on skin care products. According to the data from Herborist official website (2010), there are at least 270,000 consumers as its members and near 90,000 core group member, who contributes nearly 45% consumption of Herborists products. Moreover, most of the core members of Herborist are the ones who piece from using international high-end skin care products to Herborists products and they have great brand devotion to Herborist.Meanwhile these core m embers are also have great influence on motivating separate consumers choosing Herborists products. 1. 6 Distribution channels analysis There are diverse distribution channels for Herborist to deliver its products to domestic consumers such as possible action counters in Chinas major department stores and professional stores and riding horse up specialty stores to sell its products (Herborist official website 2010). For instance, Herborist has already opened nearly 450 specialty stores until 2008, 70% of them are franchises. 2. SWOT analysis For Herborist, to have a better business performance, it is crucial to be able to clear the current opportunities in the market place, the major threat it may faced at the present as well as in the future, the strengths that Herborist owns compared with other competitors and the weakness which may affect its performance and future development (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele & Waller 2010). The SWOT analysis for Herborist will be implemented in the f ollowing, which will indentify the internal strengths, weakness, the external opportunities and threats link up to Herborist. . 1 Strengths 2. 1. 1 Good native cosmetics brand image Since the year of 1998, Herborist has begun to distinguish itself via intergrating Traditional Chinese Medicine into the latest fruits of modern biotechnology. And till now, it has already built a good image of organic cosmetics. The philosophy via Yin-Yang balance to enable skin, body and spirit to reach idea harmony and radiate natural, severalize and healthy beauty, has welcomed by a great many Chinese consumers(Herborist official website 2010). . 1. 2 Clear marketing position Herborist has posited itself as organic skin care brand and oriented itself targeted at mediate(a) and high income female white collar consumers, which pull backs more than 270,000 consumers as its members and near 90,000 core members (Herborist official website 2010). 2. 1. 3 Strong parent company The parent company of He rborist is Shanghai Jahwa United Co. , Ltd, a leading Chinese domestic cosmetics producer, which is good at integrating R&D, production, distribution and service.And meanwhile, Shanghai Jahwa has planed to invest ? one hundred seventy million to advance the market share of Herborist, which can facilitate the development and maturity of Herborist(Herborist official website 2010). 2. 2 Weakness 2. 2. 1 Capital not strong as many international cosmetic companies Although Herborist has the support from Shanghai Jahwa, the capital of it is still not strong as some international cosmetic companies, which limits its expending on research and development (Whiteman & Krug 2008). . 2. 2 Lack of brand awareness Although Herborist has gain a reputation of healthy and organic skin care brand, it still lack brand awareness among several Chinese consumers, due to the peculiar(a) investment in advertising. For instance, Herborist only promotes its products in print advertisement while ignoring other channels such TV ads, radio ads and so on (Chinairn 2009). 2. 2. 3 Huge room of good in operations management Operations management is another weak part for Herborist.It is reported that poor logistics management has conduct to long lead-time, high inventory as well as capital tie-up which place laboured burden on the future development of Herborist (Chinairn 2009). 2. 3 Opportunity 2. 3. 1 Potential consumption capacity In September 2006, the products of SK-II was tested and found to contain some unapproved substances in Chinese counter, followed by other world famous cosmetic brand including Clinique, Lancome, Dior and Estee Lauder whose cosmetic products were said to have prohibited substances (Ting, C. 2009).Due to these incidents, more and more Chinese consumers began to learn some organic and herbal skin care products, which is a great opportunity for Herborist to meet. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the consumption power on cosmetic products wi ll reach at ? 60 billion CNY in 2010, in which skin care products will take up nearly 30% of the total number, which for Herborist is really good new chance (Li & Fung 2009). 2. 3. 2 2008 Olympic Games attract western to traditional Chinese elements (Chinese wind) Because of the 2008 Olympic Games, all the attention was focused on China which brought a Chinese wind.In skin care aspect, not only the Chinese consumers began to switch to choose herbal and organic products but also the foreign consumers show great interest in the skin care products with traditional Chinese medicine inside (AMA Communication Services 2010). As organic cosmetic brand specialized in herbal cosmetics, Herborist has developed under the concept of intergrating Traditional Chinese Medicine into the latest fruits of modern biotechnology, which do Herborist become one of the most popular domestic organic cosmetic brands in Chinese market under the Chinese wind(Simon 2009). 2. 4 Threat 2. . 1 Tough competition F or Herborist, the biggest threat is the tough competition mostly from international players. Chinese skin care market is almost occupied by international cosmetics giants including LOreal, P&G, Estee Lauder Shiseido and so on (Li & Fung 2009). And because of the fine brand building and management capability, massive advertising efforts as well as leading research and development capability, the products from multinational cosmetics corporations stand for prize, reliability and reputation in hearts of Chinese consumers compared with the local brands (Li & Fung 2009).For Herborist, to beat these international cosmetics giants and win more customers from them are really a big challenge. 2. 4. 2 Image of made in China The tag of made in china often stands for cheap price while poor quality, which also exits in skin care products (Wharton n. d). Just like the foreign brands stands for quality, reliability and reputation, the Chinese made skin care products for foreign customers means p oor in quality and even the same for some Chinese consumers.For Herborist, this kind of phenomenon is a great threat to both expand the domestic market share and especially position itself for the international markets. 2. 4. 3 Investment risk (ROI and cash flow) From the official website of Herborist (2010), the company has planed to invest ? 170 million to enhance the market share. Although it is good news for Herborists future development, it has to share the issue on the period of getting even on investment (ROI).Herborist has the experience of too long time ROI, for instance, Herborist began to make profit after it came into the domestic cosmetic market seven years (Herborist official website 2010). If the return on this times ? 170 million investment still last too long, Herborist has to face the risk of cash flow problem, which may result in big financial dilemma for Herborist. 2. 4. 4 Economic crisis Due to the economic crisis in the recent year, the purchasing power is re duced and preference is accustomed to relatively cheap products which for Herborist oriented on philia to high cosmetic products is a kind of pressure (Li & Fung 2009). . 0 Objectives 3. 1 Corporate objective Corporate objective for Herborist is to become a world cast enterprise with the capability of founding and creativity to not only continuously introduce high quality new products to meet the needs of the consumers but also maintain good quality products under the concept of integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine into the latest fruits of modern biotechnology (Herborist official website 2010). 3. 2 Marketing objectives The marketing objectives for Herborist include two part.On the one hand, Herborist plans to expand its cover of domestic distribution channels to 170 main cities and enlarge the retail terminals from 700 to 1,200. On the other hand, Herborist plans to expand its market outside the China mainland market via the cooperation with Sephora (Herborist official we bsite 2010). Herborist aims to achieve ? 1. 35 billion of sales taxation in the end of 2014 and increase the revenue as well as Compound Average Growth Rate (CAGR) to 21. 98% within the future(a) five years (Herborist official website 2010). . 0 Marketing strategy The following is the market strategy for Herborist including the targeted market, position as well as marketing mix strategies, which is based on the above analysis. 4. 1 Target market As the organic cosmetic company, Herborist is specialized in herbal cosmetics. In the full of groundless competition cosmetic market of China, the primary consumer target for Herborist is middle to upper income white collar females who prefer natural, mild but effective skin care products.The secondary consumer target is college female students, who look for mild products to maintain their young and fresh skins. This segment is focused on these female college students who prefer buying international cosmetic brand while have pressures on the pricing part. According to the survey that there is an increasing rate on the purchasing capability of female college or university students towards middle to high end cosmetic products, which is an measurable segment for Herborist to focus(AMA Communication Services). . 2 Positioning strategy Herborist will position itself as the middle to high end cosmetic products which focuses on the balance between traditional Chinese medicine theories tenderness to Chinese elements of Tai chi, lotus, green and the high-tech means of modern technology to continuously introduce high quality new products to meet the needs of the consumers on their skin care. 4. Marketing mix Marketing mix describes these different elements such as price, product, promotion, place, people, and process and so on that marketers need to go out (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele, & Waller 2010), which is essential for Herborist to consider in its marketing process to achieve better performance. The following will analyze four areas of marketing mix including the aspects of price, product, promotion, and place for Herborists marketing process. 4. 3. Product strategy Product is defined as a good, service or idea offered to the market for exchange, which plays a vital role in the marketing process, which is the means for companies to satisfy the functional, social and psychological needs, wants and demands of customers (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele, & Waller 2010). For Herborist, it is important to emphasize the importance of the product strategy. 4. 3. 1. 1 Product variegation strategy Palmer (2009) advocated the importance of product diversification strategy, which is also proper for Herborist.Products all have their lifecycles and especially the skin care products have the relatively short lifecycle (Kotler& Armstrong 2008), so it is important for Herborist to focus on the product innovation and providing a wider product portfolio to meet the market requirements under deliberate market analysis. Moreover, besides the innovation on skin care products, Herborist is recommended to enhance its R&D capacity on color cosmetics, hair care, and mens cosmetics to perfect it products range of cosmetic products.Only under these activities can Herborist meet Chinese customers consumption concept of pursuit for practical, fresh, beautiful as well as top quality. 4. 3. 1. 2 Establishing strong brand loyalty Kotler and Armstrong (2008) believe the importance of establishment of brand loyalty. For Herborist, besides the already built membership system, it is also recommended to mount for the ISO9001 quality system certification, which can enhance the customers confidence of Herborist to improve customers favorable attitude and purchasing appearance towards Herborists products. 4. 3. 1. Maintenance its orientation As the organic cosmetic brand, its important for Herborist to maintain its advantage on herbal cosmetics. To search the future development, its so essential for Herborist to maintain its image of Chinese characteristics. Only depending on this distinctiveness, can Herborist have more chances to become world famous cosmetic brand just like the road of the body shop and Shiseido does. 4. 3. 1. 4 Developing the packing and traffic pattern of products integrity of the important means for gaining more market share is to have a distinct product design and packing (Elliot, Rundle-Thiele & Waller 2010).For Herborist, it is essential to focus more on packaging design to attract more consumers with high quality packaging materials for different products series and give people impression of domestic goods while foreign quality. For instance, the introduction of Chinese elements can be blow uped in the product designing and packing such as Chinese painting, lotus and so on are all very Chinese bearing and give people an impression of elegance and fresh, which is fit for Herborists image of herbal cosmetics. 4. 3. 2 price strategy The price of products setting has great inf luence on companies rofit and marketing process, as the competitive environment changes, companies are recommended to consider when to initiate prices change and when to respond to them (Kotler &Armstrong 2008). For Herborist, it is important to consider proper pricing strategy to respond to the fluctuant marketing environment. 4. 3. 2. 1 Prestige pricing strategy To maintain the image of middle to high end cosmetic brand and accelerate the pace of advance to the high-end market, Herborist is recommended to adopt prestige pricing strategy (Kotler & Armstrong 2008), which requires Herborist to introduce its new products as a relatively middle to high price.For instance, with the gift box priced at ? 500 CNY, New Tai Chi Mud Mask ? 380 CNY and so on, Herborist has set a relatively good image of middle to high end cosmetic brand which shows the image of prestige, quality and only to Chinese consumers who often hold the opinion that high price means high quality(Whiteman & Krug 2008). 4. 3. 2. 2 Product bundle pricing The price of Herborists products is almost at the same level with the international middle to high end cosmetic products especially the Shiseido.To strengthen its position of middle to high end cosmetic brand, it isnt recommended for Herborist to discount its products too much and too often, because there is a deep rooted concept among Chinese consumers that cheap means low quality. While to attract consumers, it is necessary to offer discount. So it is recommended for Herborist to adopt product bundle pricing, which means combining several products together and offering the bundle at a reduced price (Kotler & Armstrong 2008), which can assistant Herborist improve profit via motivating more buying power. . 3. 3 Promotion strategy Promotion is the creation and maintenance of communication with target markets, which makes potential consumers, partners and society aware of. Deliberate designed promotion strategy can assist Herborist make consumers aw are of and interested in its products and effectively and efficiently communicate its message about the products to the market place (Elliott, Rundle-Thiele& Waller2010,). The promotion strategy for Herborist is as below. 4. 3. 3. Outstanding special features Because Chinas consumers are almost pragmatists, if we only use some abstract and vague catchword and general propaganda tactics, it is difficult to persuade consumers to buy the products. The professional TCM report plus practical description in advertisement is recommended to highlight the effect of Herborists products to strengthen the confidence of consumers brand loyalty. And meanwhile, it is also recommended for Herborist to offer some free trial to consumers to get more feedback after they used, which can also help Herborist promote its products. . 3. 3. 2 Advertising and brand embassador Based on the survey from Solomon (2009), celebrities and beauty experts have huge influences on cosmetic purchases in Chinese market, which results in consumers relying on trial and error from celebrities and beauty experts rather than spending too much money on their own cosmetic trials. Due to this special scenario, finding a proper brand ambassador is recommended for Herborist to attract more customers via the convincing power from celebrities.The proper brand ambassador can help Herborist reach the needs of more consumers and strengthen its healthy and fresh image as herbal cosmetics and enhance its brand cognition. At the same time, it is also wise for Herborist to strengthen its propaganda coverage via ads on the newspapers, magazine as well as in public places such posting large menu in bus station, MTR station and other public places to attract more attention, which can mostly incent consumers inclination to purchase Herborists products.Furthermore, sponsoring TV and radio programs on healthy life and beauty can also help Herborist to portray the image of advocating healthy, natural brand. 4. 3. 3. 3 P erfect customer relation management (CRM) Palmer (2009) claimed that it is so crucial for companies to develop good customer relationships because good quality alone may be lean for a company to gain competitive advantages in increasingly competitive markets, while good customer relation management can supplement a firms competitive advantage.For Herborist, it is necessary to improve the pre sales and after sales service. For instance, before purchasing products from Herborist, it is necessary to give proper and professional suggestions and guidance, which is an important part of brand building. Furthermore, providing professional beauty care lectures for consumers, free skin analysis under the help of professional skin analytical instrument as well as providing customers with improved return protective cover to enhance the reputation and the customers sense of belonging are all good approaches. 4. 3. Place strategy Herborist has already built a diverse distribution channels to de liver its cosmetic products to consumers, such as opening counters in Chinas major department stores, professional stores and setting up specialty stores to sell its products (Herborist official website 2010). To become a world class Chinese cosmetic enterprise, Herborist is recommended to expand and strengthen its distribution channel. 4. 3. 4. 1 Open counter in big chain supermarkets Big chain supermarkets in China are important sales channels for lower-priced cosmetics products in a long history.While due to the launching of middlerange brands of broadening products such as Mininurse, Garnier and Maybelline in these retail chains by LOreal, P and other cosmetic giants, big chain Supermarkets in China have become new channels for middle price cosmetic brand to reach a wider audience (Li & Fung 2009). These foreign-owned hypermarkets and supermarkets such as hybridization and Wal- mart as well as locals such as Lianhua , Hualian as well as Trust mart are often the initial choices. For Herborist, it is also recommended to open counters to launch its middle price range products in these hypermarkets and supermarkets just like LOreal, P and other leading cosmetic companies do, which can help Herborist to reach its secondary consumer target of college female students and other consumers who are searching for middle price cosmetic products in supermarkets and hypermarkets. 4. 3. 4. 2 Online sales Online sales may just represent a small share in overall cosmetics sales, but we cant ignore its potential.And on the basis of the data got from the China net income Network Information Centre, in the first half of 2007 there are more than 70% of the 162 million Internet population aged under 30 (Li & Fung 2009), for Herborist it is a powerful channel to reach parts of its primary and secondary consumers such as the young female white collar and college students. Although Herborist has set up online platforms to show its products, it hasnt begun its online sales.To captu re the huge potential, Herborist is recommended to launch online sales on its online platform, just like other victorious cosmetics players have done, including DHC from Japan, SaSa and Sephora (Li & Fung 2009). For launching online sales, it can help Herborist to save more speak to in hiring stores. For instance, some professional software for online sales such as Integrated Distribution System adopted by P have the distinctiveness of quick, effective, low cost, low risk, which is recommended for Herborist to adopt (AMA Communication Services 2010). . 3. 4. 3 Choosing proper agent The failure of Herborist in Hong Kong market is as below (Herborist official website 2010). At first, Herborist directly copied the sales model of the mainland market, which cant localize itself it the Hong Kong market. Secondly, Herborist invest too much to build its sales channel, which largely increased its sales cost. Thirdly, the strong resistance to the new brand such as Herborist in the Hong Kong market, which cost Herborist too much to enhance its brand cognitive.For Herborist, it is more suitable to find proper local agent to facilitate it expand in the market outside mainland China. For instance, it is recommended for Herborist to relaunch its products in Hong Kong market via the cooperation with SaSa. As a Hong Kong-based cosmetics retail and beauty services provider, SaSa has already built well sales network and is experienced in solution the problems on new brand cognitive as well as has a good image of cosmetics retailing and beauty services provider (Li & Fung 2009), which can facilitate Herborist successfully come into the Hong Kong market. . 3. 4. 4 Pharmacies As a organic cosmetic brand and specialized in herbal cosmetics, Herborist is recommended to launched its products in pharmacies just as these successful cosmeceutical brands do, including French Eau Thermale Avene, Vichy and La Roche-Posay, Japans Kanebo, Freeplus and Shiseido Ferzea and so on.As the resea rch from AMA Communication Services (2010) showing, the skin care products in pharmacies to Chinese consumers means mild, soft, effective and professional, thats why most of the Chinese cosmetic consumers have begun to switch their choices to cosmetic products in pharmacies, especially after the Japan-based SK-II was tested and found to contain some unapproved substances in Chinese counter. For Herborist, pharmacies are recommended distribution channels to gain more potential consumers. 5. Budget for the next three years The Chart below outlines the following three years budgets of Herborist on sales, promotions, distribution, and other cerebrate areas from 2011 to 2013. Chart 1 Marketing budget chart for year 2011 to 2013 Items Budget for 2011Budget for 2012Budget for 2013 Advertisement ? 30,000? 40,000? 50,000 Sale force training and stimulation? 5,000? 5,000? 5,000 Distribution channel expansion? 3,000? 4,000? 5,000 Distribution channel maintenance? 2,000? 2,500? 3,000 Website m aintenance? 2,000? 2,000? 2,000 Website improvement ? 0,000? 8,000? 8,000 Public relations? 4,000? 4,000? 3,000 R? 20,000? 22,000? 25,000 Total? 76,000? 87,500? 101,000 In thousands (CNY) 6. 0 Projected profit and loss statement The chart below is the d profit and loss statement forecast of Herborist for year 2011 to 2013 Chart 2 Projected profit and loss statement (2011 2013) Subjects Time ? Thousands (CNY)Total ? Thousands (CNY) 201120122013201120122013 Total sales revenue ? 1,200,624 ? 107,052 ? 1,093,572? 1,253,049 ? 120,493 ? 1,132,556? 1,367,446 ? 35,240 ? 1,232,206 Advertisement &Promotion? 30,000? 40,000? 50,000 Sale force training and stimulation? 5,000? 5,000? 5,000 Distribution channel expansion? 3,000? 4,000? 5,000 Distribution channel maintenance? 2,000? 2,500? 3,000 Website maintenance? 2,000? 2,000? 2,000 Website improvement? 10,000? 8,000? 8,000 Public relations? 4,000? 4,000? 3,000 R&D? 20,000? 22,000? 25,000 Tax ? 21,052? 21,961? 23,997 Other expenses? 10,000? 11, 032? 10,243 Total expenses Profit In thousands (CNY) 7. Action program Herborist will implement series of activities to facilitate itself achieve its business objectives in from the year 2011. Chart 3 Implementation schedule Subject123456789101112Total ? (CNY) 76,000,000 Sale force training and stimulation 5,000,000 alteration and improvement on website. 12,000,000 Integrated propagandas campaign on targeting consumers via on print, radio, TV, internet means 4,000,000 sales promotion with the continuing of the multimedia advertising campaign. 30,000,000 seek and development on products 0,000,000 Deliberate research to expand its distribution channels and maintenance 2,000,000 Expansion of its business to more locations. 3,000,000 8. 0 Control & feedback 8. 1 Sales analysis Herborist is planning to strengthen the systems for sale analysis, due to the timely data on sales is curial for the whole marketing plan. Furthermore, the sales analysis is recommended to be implemented monthly, which can facilitate Herborist to develop contingency plans to address the steadfast moving environmental changes, especially the customers needs (Kotler & Armstrong 2008). . 2 Market share analysis Under the dot of expansion, the market share analysis is necessary for Herborist to conduct which is recommended to be done quarterly in order to watch the market closely. 8. 3 Profitability by product To facilitate R&D programs of Herborist, the favorableness by products analysis can be done yearly and used as reference to help Herborist decide its future investment on products modification and innovation which can bring better profit for the company. . 4 Efficiency on advertising, sales promotion analysis To analyze the efficiency of advisements and sales promotion quarterly for Herborist quarterly is essential, which can make Herborist have a clearly picture of the effectiveness its promotion strategy and facilitate the modification and better orientation of the advertisin g and sales promotion campaign more effectively in the following quarter. 8. Sales-force efficiency The sales force efficiency should be measured both on the bases of the sale volume that they have brought to the company, and the potential capability of staffs in the sale force, which help Herborist go around position its sale forces to win more income. 9. 0 Reference AMA Communication Services 2010, High-end cosmetics trends in China, greenbook. org, viewed 11 July 2010, Chinairn 2009, (Successful case study on domestic cosmetic industry), chinairn. om, viewed 12 July 2010, Elliott, G. , Rundle-Thiele, S & Waller, D. 2010, Marketing, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd, Australia, Herborist official website 2010, Company profile, herborist. com. cn, viewed 11 July 2010, Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. 2008, Principles of marketing, 12th edn, Pearson Education International, New Jersey, Li & Fung 2009, Latest developments of Chinas cosmetics market, Li & Fung Research Centre, viewed 11 Ju ly 2010, Palmer, A. 009, Introduction to marketing theory and practice, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, New York, Sephora official website 2010, Sephora stories, sephora. com, viewed 11 July 2010, Simon 2009, Herborist A successful Chinese cosmetics brand, enovate 2010, viewed 13 July 2010, Solomon, J. 2009, Skincare companies dominating the cosmetic market in China, seekingalpha. com, viewed 14 July 2010, Ting, C. 2009, Chinas homegrown makeup gains popularity, Beijing kswchina. om inc. , viewed 12 July 2010, Wharton n. d. , Special report New challenge for made in China, electronic version, Boston Consulting Group, Whiteman, G. & Krug, B. 2008, Beauty and the beast Consumer stakeholders demand action in China, vol. 1, Journal of International melodic line Ethics, Xia XH. 2010, (Suggestions on strategic branding for Herborist), Chinas science and technology research center of citation index evaluation, viewed 14 July 2010,

Political leaders Essay

mustiness acknowledge the excessive and racially disproportionate incarceration of nonviolent drug offenders and grapple forthrightly with slipway to eliminate it. The first step is to reevaluate the current strategies for fighting drugs. Policy makers in each state, as well as in the federal government, should reassess existing public policy approaches to drug use and sales to tell apart more equitable but still effective options.In particular, they should examine the be and benefits of relying heavily on penal sanctions to addressdrug use and drug trafficking and should look closely at law enforcement strategies to identify ways to make them more racially equitable. We believe each state as well as the federal government should subject current and proposed drug policies to strict scrutiny and modify those that cause significant, jobless racial disparities. In addition, we believe the state and federal governments should* Eliminate mandatory stripped sentencing laws that req uire prison house sentences based on the quantity of the drug sold and the existence of a prior record. Offenders who differ in terms of conduct, danger to the community, culpability, and separate ways relevant to the purposes of sentencing should not be treated identically. Judges should be able to exercise their informed judgment in crafting effective and proportionate sentences in each case. * gain the availability and use of alternative sanctions for nonviolent drug offenders.Drug defendants convicted of nonviolent offenses should ordinarily not be given prison sentences, even if they be repeat offenders, unless they have caused or threatened specific, serious ill-treat for example, when drug sales are made to children or if they have upper level roles in drug distribution organizations. * Increase the use of special drug courts in which addicted offenders are given the chance to complete court supervised substance abuse treatment instead of being sentenced to prison.* Increase the availability of substance abuse treatment and prevention outreach in the community as well as in jails and prisons. * Redirect law enforcement and prosecution resources to emphasize the arrest, prosecution, and incarceration of importers, manufacturers, and major distributors, e. g. , drug king pins, rather than downcast level offenders and street level retail dealers. * Eliminate different sentencing structures for powder cocain and crack cocaine, drugs that are pharmacologically identical but marketed in a different form.Since more blacks are prosecuted for crack cocaine offenses and thus subjected to the higher penalties for crack offenses that exist in federal and some state laws, the crack-powder sentencing differential aggravates without fair to middling justification the racial disparities in imprisonment for drug offenses. * Eliminate racial profiling and require guard to keep and make public statistics on the reason for all stops and searches and the race of the persons targeted. * Require practice of law to keep and make public statistics on the race of arrested drug offenders and the location of the arrests.To facilitate more inter-state crook justice analyses, the Bureau of rightness Statistics of the U. S. Department of Justice should annually compile and publish state-by-state statistics on the racial impact of the savage justice system as it applies to drug offenders, including statistics on arrests, convictions, sentences, admissions to prison, and prison universe of discourses.II. THE EXTENT OF U. S. internment In the year 2001, the total number of people in U. S. prisons and jails will surpass two million.12 The state and federal prison population has quadrupled since 1980 and the rate of incarceration relative to the nations population has risen from 139 per 100,000 residents to 468. 13 If these incarceration rates persist, an estimated one in twenty of Americas children at present will serve time in a state or federal prison during his or her lifetime. 14 There is a considerable range in prison incarceration rates among U. S. states (Table 1). atomic number 25 has the lowest rate, 121 prisoners per 100,000 residents, and Louisiana the highest, with a rate of 763. Seven of the ten states with the highest incarceration rates are in the South.15 Almost every state has a prison incarceration rate that greatly exceeds those of other western democracies, in which between 35 and 145 residents per 100,000 are behind bars on an come day. 16 The District of Columbia, an entirely urban jurisdiction, has a rate of 1,600. 1 See Human Rights Watch, unrelenting and Usual Disproportionate Sentences for New York Drug Offenders (New York Human Rights Watch, 1997). Thirty two states have mandatory minimum sentencing laws for drug offenses. Bureau of Justice Assistance, National Assessment of Structured Sentencing U. S.Department of Justice (February 1996). Mandatory sentences are not responsible for all excessi ve drug sentences. In Oklahoma, for example, a jury in 1997 gave a sentence of 93 years to Will Forster, an employed father of three with no prior criminal record who grew marijuana plants in his basement. 2 Michael Tonry, Malign Neglect Race, Crime, and Punishment in America (New York Oxford University Press, 1995) David Cole, No Equal Justice (New YorkThe New Press, 1999) David Musto, The American Disease Origins of Narcotic Control (New Haven, CT Yale University Press, 1973).3 See, e. g. , Craig Reinarman and chivvy G. Levine, The Crack Attack, Politics and Media in the Crack Scare, in Craig Reinarman and Harry G. Levine, Crack in America (Berkeley University of atomic number 20 Press, 1997) .4 Barry R. McCaffrey Race and Drugs Perception and Reality, New Rules for Crack Versus Powder Cocaine, Washington Times, October 5, 1997 citing results of a survey published in 1995 Burston, Jones, and Robert-Saunders, Drug Use and African Americans Myth Versus Reality in the Journal of Al cohol and Drug Education. 95 percent of respondents pictured a black drug user while only 5 percent imagined other racial groups. 5 According to the United States Sentencing Commission, 88. 3 percent of federal crack cocaine defendants were black. United States Sentencing Commission, Special Report to the Congress Cocaine and Federal Sentencing Policy, 1995, Washington, D. C. , 1995, p. 156. The sentencing laws of at least ten states in any case treat crack cocaine offenses more harshly than powder.6 See Human Rights Watch and The Sentencing cast Losing the Vote The Impact of Felony Disenfranchisement Law in the United States, (New York Washington, D. C. , 1998) 7 The requirement of proof of intent has been a formidable barrier for victims of discrimination in the criminal justice system seeking judicial relief. See, e. g. , Developments in the Law Race and the Criminal Process, 101 Harvard Law Review 1520 (1988). 8 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of raci al Discrimination, Par. I, Article 1,3.In the Centre for Human Rights, Human Rights A compiling of International Instruments, Vol. , ST/HR/1/REV. 5 (New York United Nations, 1994), p. 66. Also available at http//www. un. org/Depts/Treaty/. 9 See CERD, General Recommendation XIV(42) on article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention, U. N. GAOR, 48th Sess. , Supp. No. 18, at 176, U. N. Doc. A/48/18(1993). See also, Theodor Meron, The Meaning and Reach of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of racial Discrimination, 79 The American Journal of International Law 283, 287-88 (1985).10 Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, General Recommendation on Par. I, Article 1 of CERD. 11 See Todd R. Clear, The Unintended Consequences of Incarceration, (paper presented to the NIJ Workshop on Corrections Research, February 14-15, 1996). 12 Allen J. Beck, Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 1999, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U. S. Department of Justice (April 2000) . 13 Ibid. Kathleen Maguire and Ann L. Pastore, eds. , 1998 Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice (1999), Table 6. 36. 14 doubting Thomas P. Bonczar and Allen J. Beck, Lifetime Likelihood of Going to State or Federal Prison, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U. S. Department of Justice (March 1997). 15 In each of the twenty years since 1978 for which data is available, the South has had significantly higher incarceration rates than any other region. See BJS, 1998 Sourcebook, Table 6. 37 . 16 The number of prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants varies worldwide from just about 20 in Indonesia to about 685 in Russia.In Western Europe, the rate ranges between 35 in Cyprus and 145 in Portugal. Andre Kuhn, Incarceration Rates Across the World, Overcrowded Times, April 1999, p. 1. International rates of incarceration include prisoners awaiting sentences as well as all sentenced prisoners, whereas state prisons in the U. S. only confin e convicted prisoners with sentences of more than one year. Therefore, the genuine difference between foreign rates of incarceration and U. S. prison incarceration rates is even great than suggested. http//www. hrw. org/reports/2000/usa/Rcedrg00-03. htmP222_42059.